Endocrine System1 Flashcards
glands
Are composed of secretory cells (acini) and arranged in clusters
Endocrine gland
Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroids adrenal Pancreas Ovaries Testes Pineal gland
Hormones
Are the chemical substances that endocrine glands secrete and regulate the activity of certain target cells or organs
Hormones can be
Lipid soluble ( released when needed) Water soluble (circulate freely in blood to target tissue)
Assessment of endocrine function
Objective data
Physical eximanation
- vital signs
- height weight
- bp
- abdomen
- head and neck
- growth patterns
- genetalia
Diagnostic test
Urine studies
Blood test
Stimulation test
Pituitary gland
1.25 diameter located inferior aspect of the brain
Hypophysis
Controls secretion of hormones by other glands
Controlled by hypothalamus which is adjacent to pituitary gland
Anterior and posterior lobes produce different hormones
Hormones of anterior pituitary gland
Follicle stimulating hormone Luteinising hormone Prolactin Adrenocorticotropic hormone Thyroid stimulating hormone Growth hormone
Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland
Vasopressin (anti diuretic)
Oxytocin
Disorders of pituitary gland
Hyper secretion
Hypo-secretion
Hyper secretion
Acth- cushing’s syndrome
Tsh- hyperthyroidism
Gh- acromegaly
Hypo secretion
Acth- Addison’s disease
Gh- dwarfism
Fsh & lh - menstrual irregularities, changes in secondary sex characteristics, loss of libido, inpotence
Tsh - hypothyroidism
Hypo pituitarism-
simmonds disease (total absence of all pituitary secretion)
Sheenah ( necrosis of pituitary gland dollowing child birth)
Disorder of posterior pituitary gland
Hypo secretion or decreased response of kidney to adh - diabetes insupidus
Thyroid gland hormones
Thyroxine (t4)
Triiodothyronine (t3)
Calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin)
Thyroid gland major functions
Increases metabolism and protein synthesis
Necessary for physical and mental growth and development in children
Attainment of sexual maturity
