Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

College! > GEOG363 EXAM 2 > Flashcards

GEOG363 EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

majority of cost and time in building a GIS

A

data preparation/building the database

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

on screen digitizing

A

“heads up” with vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what will happen to digitizing errors as you increase the scale of the map

A

the error will increase proportionate to the increase in map scale

little errors in the large scale can mean huge scales in small scale maps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name 5 types of positional errors

A
  1. undershooting/overshooting nodes
  2. open polygons
  3. missing nodes
  4. self intersecting lines
  5. sliver polygons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does snap tolerance do?

A

it snaps undershot nodes to lines through buffers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what to options do we have to correct positional error

A
  1. redraw

2. choose master boundary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

registration

A

when layers spatially coincide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name 2 examples of post-processes

A
  1. smoothing

2. spline - interpolates curves to reduce jaggedness of edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name 3 sources of rasters

A
  1. scanned maps
  2. remote sensing
  3. statistical surfaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the difference between an image and a photograph

A

photographs are specific to images that are on film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

unreferenced raster refers to…

A

when coordinate values to position an image are missing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

regular raster distortion (3)

A

image is out of:

  1. scale
  2. shift
  3. rotation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

irregular raster distortion (2)

A
  1. terrain

2. flight conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do we call fixing regular and irregular raster distortion

A

orthoimagery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

affine transformation

A

preserving the parallel nature of lines and ratio of distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

collinear

A

any number of points can be said to be collinear if a straight line can pass through them all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 types of affine transformation and define them

A
  1. translation (sliding)
  2. rotation
  3. dilation (scaling)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what kind of distortions are affine transformations good for?

A

regular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what kind of distortions are higher order polynomials good for?

A

irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RMSE

A

root mean square error

a measure of precision between true and computed coordinates of points

NOT ACCURACY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

nearest neighbor

A

assigns output cell value from nearest corresponding input cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bilinear interpolation

A

uses nearest cell and next closest 3 to get a weighted average

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does georeferencing develop in order to transform all cells of a raster

A

equations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

difference between a database and DBMS

A

DBMS allows access and understanding of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

name 5 things DBMS can offer that databases cannot

A
  1. locking
  2. rights
  3. views
  4. back ups
  5. monitoring
26
Q

what does n-tier architecture describe

A

allows users (web users [upper tirer]) to access data (in a database [bottom tier]) to interpret data without accessing the data itself

27
Q

how can multiple tables be joined?

A

through a common unique ID attribute

28
Q

what kind of algebra is used in query language?

A

relational algebra

29
Q

name and define 4 different hings that can be done with relational algebra

A
  1. intersect - in both tables
  2. union - add two tables
  3. difference - take away from one table
  4. join - link tables through a key attribute
30
Q

SQL and define

A

Structured Query Language is a special programming language used to manage data in a RDBMS

31
Q

Primary key

A

one column that contains a unique value for every row in the table

32
Q

what is something primary keys can be used for

A

cross referencing two different tables - here it acts as a foreign key

33
Q

3 rules of tables

A
  1. cannot be 2 identical rows
  2. there must be a primary key
  3. the primary key may not contain any null values
34
Q

functional dependency

A

an attribute is functionally dependent if it is determined by the value of another attribute

35
Q

local spatial operations

A

one input for one output

36
Q

neighborhood spatial operations

A

local and nearby input influence output

37
Q

global spatial operations

A

entire input layer is used to determine each local output

38
Q

dissolve operation

A

features with same attribute value are merged

creation of aggregated polygons

39
Q

2 most important tools of GIS analysis

A

buffers and overlays

40
Q

how were overlays done back in the day

A

with transparent copies

41
Q

father of GIS

A

Dr. Roger Tomlinson

42
Q

overlays combine data to do what two things?

A

join attributes or filter out data

43
Q

what 3 things must be done before working with overlays?

A
  1. georegistered
  2. same resolution
  3. functionally related
44
Q

what will overlays that combine different vector geometries result in?

A

a layer with a lower dimensional geometry

45
Q

what are network structures used for?

A

to represent features such as roads, pipelines, rivers, etc

46
Q

name 2 things network analysis can be used for

A

route selection

resource allocation

47
Q

geocoding and its problem

A

linear referencing of addresses along road features

NOT ALL BUILDINGS ARE OF EQUAL SIZE OR SHAPE

48
Q

gazetteers

A

place name directories that contain spatial information and feature type

pizza shop is here

49
Q

ontology

A

classification of feature types

50
Q

what does reclassification do to new values

A

makes the resulting class more generalized

51
Q

MAUP and define

A

Modifiable Areal Unit Problem

Changing the size or shape of an object can alter the values in the classes

52
Q

natural break classes

A

minimize intraclass differences and maximize interclass differences

53
Q

spectral signature and example

A

certain things in a remote senses photograph have a specific color

EG water is blue

54
Q

georectification

A

adding control points to photos to make them accurate

55
Q

transit costs

A

weight used to make models that use attribute data to weigh distances

56
Q

equal area

A

take x classes and make sure that they have the same area

57
Q

what do thematic maps emphasize?

A

attributes

often only one or a few

58
Q

what do reference maps emphasize

A

features

often many features

59
Q

ecological fallacy

A

to assume that a generalized statistic refers to an individual within a population

60
Q

name 3 types of vector buffera

A

simple
compound
nested

College! (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions