Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

College! > Geog361 Final > Flashcards

Geog361 Final Flashcards

1
Q

name 4 bivariate quantitative visual variables

A

size
lightness
spacing
saturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name 4 bivariate qualitative visual variables

A

hue
shape
orientation
arrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe distortion that occurs to latitude and longitude lines when they approach the poles
(in most projections)

A

the longitudes are often widened

the latitude lines are often compressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name three examples of great circles

A

equator
prime meridian
international date line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

on what kind of projection are latitude and longitude lines always parallel

A

there is NO projection where this occurs

lat and long lines are only parallel on globes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does an azimuthal projection preserve

A

directions from a standard point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is an orthographic

A

a projection made to look like a sphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the goal when selecting standard lines

A

to place them in a way that minimizes distortion for the area of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a standard line

A

where the developable surface is touching the spheroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where will a transverse cylinder’s standard line run

A

N to S on a meridian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what will a gnomonic projection preserve

A

the places you would fly over between 2 points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens when you run a simplify function on a line

A

points will be removed from the line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens when you run a smooth function on a line

A

points will be added to the line in order to reduce angularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does aggregation mean (outside the context of ArcGIS)

A

multiple points will be represented by an area at a smaller scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what will a collapse function do

A

it will turn an area into a point

for example: the city footprint of Washington, DC may be turned into a star (point feature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does displacement do

A

it will move a feature or area farther from another feature or area in order to make the two distinct from one another
For example, one may push an island farther from a coastline at a smaller scale in order to accentuate the island.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is exaggeration

A

increasing the size of a feature if it is important

the classic example is cape cod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

example of enchance

A

rather than simply having road lines intersect river lines, add a bridge symbol to the road lines in order to enhance them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is leading

A

separating the baseline between 2 words in a stacked label

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the scale of a locator map compared to the main map

A

the locator map is at a smaller scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the scale of an inset map compared to the main map and the locator map

A

the scale of the inset will be larger than both the locator and main map

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

name the four spatial dimension

A

point
area
line
volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

name the four variables of a model

A

discrete, continuous, abrupt, smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

name the four levels of measurement

A

nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the model of a proportional symbol map

A

discrete and abrupt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the model of a dot density map

A

discrete and smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the model of a choropleth map

A

continuous and abrupt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the model of an isopleth map

A

continuous and smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the two parts of a bivariate combo

A

a quantitative and qualitative component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how do you create a porportional symbol for a linear bar

A

divide by the minimum value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how do you create a proportional symbol for areal symbols

A

take the square root and divide by minimum value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how do you create a proportional symbol for volume symbols

A

take the cubed root and divide by min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

name the three basic color schemes

A

sequential
diverging
qualitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how does a sequential color scheme work

A

values are simply high to low and often represented by the lightness of a color
an example would be amount of rainfall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the hallmark of a diverging color scheme

A

it has a meaningful central point
colors would go from dark to light to dark again
an example would be change in temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

how do you set hue in an rgb scheme?

A 
by setting proportion of RGB
the higher proportion will be the color represented
for example
r=240
g=120
b=80
would display a more red color
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

how do you set the lightness in a rgb color scheme

A

the overall value of the rgb values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

how do you set the saturation within an rgb scale

A

it is set using the lowest of the rgb values

39
Q

equal interval

A

equal ranges in the data

max-min/ (#intervals)

40
Q

quantile

A 
equal observations per class
#observations/#classes
41
Q

standard deviation

A

the mean plus/minus a given number of standard deviations

42
Q

natural breaks

A

done by eye or algorithms

43
Q

what are the 2 main goals of a natural break classification

A

minimizing intraclass differences and maximizing interclass differences

44
Q

when describing the type of model, do we refer to the phenomena or the representation of it

A

the phenomena itself

45
Q

nominal data

A

named data with no natural order

46
Q

ordinal data

A 
non number data with a natural order
for example (bad, better, best)
47
Q

interval data

A

has a “meaningless” zero

temperature celsius

48
Q

ratio data

A

will not include negative values
has a meaningful zero
height of children

49
Q

what will an overall high rgb value do to lightness

A

it will be very light

the higher the rgb the lighter the value

50
Q

how many font size points exist per inch

A

72

51
Q

hue color separation is good for _____, while saturation is good for ______

A

classes

subclasses

52
Q

gestalt principle

A

how humans perceive individual concepts as a whole

53
Q

discrete phenomena

A

occurs at distinct locations with space between separating elements

54
Q

continuous phenomena

A

occurs throughout geographic area of interest

55
Q

example of abrupt phenomena

A

changes in electoral votes across states

56
Q

example of smooth phenomena

A

precipitation throughout a region

57
Q

dichromats

A

cannot see any difference between red and green

58
Q

trichromats

A

have difficulty distinguishing between red and green

59
Q

three steps to setting and rgb color value

A

set hue using proportion and highest rgb value
set lightness using a higher value of your optimal color
set saturation using the lowest of the rgb numbers

60
Q

what is the name of the most common line simplification algorithm

A

douglas peucker

61
Q

seperable

A

capable of being attended to independently of other dimensions

62
Q

integral

A

cannot be processed without interference from other dimensions

63
Q

configural

A

chracteristics of both inegral and seperable

new image or emerging properties may form

64
Q

what should contours be used for

A

detailed metric elevation info

65
Q

what should hypsometric tints be used for

A

relative elevation info

66
Q

what should hill shading be used for

A

perception of overall landform shapes and backgrounds

67
Q

does an isoline have to be a contour

A

no, it only means any line of equal value

68
Q

isometric

A

true values at points

69
Q

isoplethic

A

derived from area data to show conceptual form

70
Q

interpolation

A

estimating data values in areas between known value

this can be done with isolines and grid data alike

71
Q

name three developable surfaces

A

cylinder, cone, plane

72
Q

what are the three projection classes

A

cylindrical
conic
planar (animuthal)

73
Q

name four different projection aspects

A

equatorial
transverse
polar
oblique

74
Q

name two different projection cases

A

tangent(simple)

secant

75
Q

the 6 cases where you’ll want to generalize

A 
congestion
coalescence
conflict
complication
inconsistency
imperceptibility
76
Q

4 steps of generalization

A

select
simplify
classify
symbolize

77
Q

3 subclasses of generalization

A

content
geometry
symbolize

78
Q

3 ways to generalize content

A

add
eliminate
reclassify

79
Q

aggregate

A

replacement of many features with a representative feature of INCREASED dimensionality

80
Q

collapse

A

replacement of a feature with a representative feature of LOWER dimensiuonality

81
Q

merge

A

replacement of a feature with a representative feature of EQUAL dimensionality
AMALGAMATE

82
Q

displace

A

adjustment of a feature to avoid coalescence with adjacent feature while maintaining topology

83
Q

exagerrate

A

amplification of a portion of a feature to emphasize a characteristic aspect of it

84
Q

smooth

A

removal of small variations in the geometry of a feature to improve its appearance

85
Q

what were 2 recommendations put forth for USGS terrain representation

A

use a 5 point illumination model

add a 10% transparency to hillshade layer in order to allow curvature model to appear

86
Q

what are the 5 illumination points recommended for the USGS terrain

A 
NE
N
NW
W
SE
87
Q

point label placement order (1-6)

A 
NE
SW
NW
SW
N
S
88
Q

what is a breakline

A

when a label interferes with a line like a road. you can break the line with the font using a halo
contour lines commonly breaklines

89
Q

name a few good color choices for the color blind

A 
red blue
orange blue
brown blue
yellow blue
blue gray
90
Q

induction

A

the problem that occurs when contrast of background makes you perceive colors differently in foreground

91
Q

what will an overall higher magnitdue of colors equal

A

a lighter color

92
Q

how can you change the saturation in an RGB scheme

A

lower the lowest of the color values

93
Q

what are the three steps to RGB setup

A

set hue
set lightness
set saturation

94
Q

do equal steps in RGB numbers mean equal visual steps

A

they do not, larger number steps are required for changes in darker colors (low numbers)

College! (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions