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College! > GEOG110 Exam 2 > Flashcards

GEOG110 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

name the 5 fog types

A 
advection
radiation (ground/morning fog)
upslope (valley fog)
frontal
autumn-steam
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2
Q

what fog type involves cold air moving over a warm surface

A

autumn-steam

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3
Q

how is fog formed in the 4 popular fog types

A

by warm air moving over a cool surface and raising relative humidity

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4
Q

name the 3 types of convection processes

A

strong heating at earth’s surface
forced convection
slantwise convection

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5
Q

strong heating at earth’s surface

A

upward moving air that forms cumulus clouds

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6
Q

forced convection

A

air uplift caused by orography, coastlines, or large urban areas

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7
Q

slantwise convection

A

occurs along fronts

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8
Q

why are adiabatic processes possible?

A

air is a poor conductor of heat

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9
Q

what are the 3 types of ELR?

A

normal - decrease in temp with increase height
inverted - increase in temp with increase height
isotherm - temps remains same with height

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10
Q

what rate does temp normally decrease at

A

-.8 C / 100m or -8 C / 1km

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11
Q

what are the 2 adiabatic lapse rates

A

dry (unsaturated) RH

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12
Q

what is the condensation level

A

the level where clouds form

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13
Q

dry ALR

A

-1 C / 100 m

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14
Q

wet ALR

A

-.6 C / 100m

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15
Q

why is dry ALR a conserved quantity and why is WLR not?

A

the rate is the same weather rising or falling when dry

when wet a heat source is required to raise the air through evaporation (this heat source lowers the W-ALR)

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16
Q

what type of weather does sinking air indicate

A

fair weather and a stable atmosphere

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17
Q

what type of weather does rising air indicate

A

thunderstorms and unstable atmosphere

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18
Q

what does it mean when the ELR = ALR

A

neutral atmosphere (rare)

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19
Q

what is the level of free convection?

A

where the air in parcel is warmer than ELR and continues to rise
creates an unstable atmosphere and cumuloforms

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20
Q

what kinds of clouds are stable?

A

startiform

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21
Q

sensible heating and where?

A

heat gained or lost due to temp changes across surfaces (deserts)

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22
Q

latent heating and where?

A

heat gained or loss due to phase change of water (jungles)

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23
Q

latent heat and energy taken from environment

A

evaporation

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24
Q

latent heat and energy released into environment

A

condensation

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25
Q

why is there relative humidity

A

the air can hold different levels of moisture depending on the temperature

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26
Q

dew point

A

temperature of condesation

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27
Q

what happens to relative humidity when air temperature is increased?

A

the relative humidity goes down (feels less humid)

28
Q

what happens to relative humidity when air temperature is decreased?

A

the relative humidity goes up (feels more humid)

29
Q

name the three processes that form clouds

A 
contact cooling (fog)
air mass mixing (cold fronts)
adiabatic cooling (air rising and cooling)
30
Q

cloud associated with moist, but stable air

A

stratus

31
Q

cloud associated with unstable air

A

cumulus

32
Q

cloud associated with neutral air

A

lenticular or lee wave

33
Q

both ALR and WALR are to the right of the ELR

A

absolute instability or superadiabatic

34
Q

both ALR and WALR are to the left of the ELR

A

absolute stability or inversion

35
Q

how do nocturnal thunderstorms develop

A

clouds that form during the day give off long wave radiation to the atmosphere at night. when they lose this heat the thunderstorms form

36
Q

name to quasi forms of precipitation

A

dew and frost

37
Q

what is precipitation that evaporates before hitting the ground

A

virga

38
Q

what is the itcz

A

inter tropic convergence zone

39
Q

what controls snowfall in the western US

A

orography

40
Q

what controls snowfall in the eastern us

A

mostly controlled by zones but some lake effect and ororgaphy

41
Q

what are the three stages of thunderstorm development

A

cumulus
cumulonimbus
dissipation

42
Q

name three elements of the first stage of thunderstorm development

A

vertical cloud development
air rising through cloud
freezing isotherm is pushed up symmetrically

43
Q

cumulonimbus stage of thunderstorm

A

precipitation begins
asymmetrical isotherms
updraft of warm air
downdraft of cooled air (wind shear)

44
Q

what is special about -40 C

A

it is the same as - 40 F and is the temperature where water freezes instantaneously

45
Q

dissipating stage

A

anvil cloud
asymmetrical anvil shows dominant wind direction
no more rising air
cool air sinking

46
Q

6 types of thunderstorms

A 
air mass
frontal cyclonic
orographic
cold-storm
nocturnal
convergence
47
Q

air mass thunderstorms

A

humid diurnal heat

summer afternoon

48
Q

frontal cyclonic

A

thunderstorms that develop near cold fronts

49
Q

orographic thunderstorms

A

due to mountains
high alt = more sun
warm air is pushed up by mountain

50
Q

cold-storm

A

cold air moving over warm surface

typical of US west coast

51
Q

convergence

A

two breezes running toward each other, nowhere to go but up

typical of florida

52
Q

where do the most thunderstorms on earth occur?

A

west/central africa

53
Q

what is the maritime continent?

A

indonesia, malysia, and new guinea

54
Q

does subsidence promote evaporation or condensation

A

evaporation

55
Q

name a climactic event associated with forced drought

A

ENSO

56
Q

what is the usual or long term state of the atmosphere

A

conditional

57
Q

what is the area of soil where there is nod difference between night and day temps

A

damping depth

58
Q

any water based thing that falls from the air

A

hydrometeor

59
Q

where would there be high PE and low AE

A

deserts

60
Q

where would there be high PE and high AE

A

lake mead

61
Q

where would there be low PE and low AE

A

arctic

62
Q

Can AE be higher than PE

A

no, never

63
Q

fetch

A

horizontal distance exposed to the wind

64
Q

where is precip greatest in the mid latitudes with respect to ororgaphy

A

at the highest point of the mountain

65
Q

where is precip the greatest in the tropics with respect to orography

A

the middle point of the mountain

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