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College! > GEOG363 EXAM 1 > Flashcards

GEOG363 EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

data integration

A

bringing different sets together to be used

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2
Q

what does visualization do?

A

it reveals hidden relationships between things to communicate ideas

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3
Q

geoprocessing

A

computing data onto a map

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4
Q

hipsometric

A

different colors describing different elevations

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5
Q

Eucledian space is also known as

A

cartesian coordinates

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6
Q

tuple

A

ordered set of numbers EG (x,y)

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7
Q

topology

A

ignores metric details and idenitfies relational structures or how things relate in space

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8
Q

discrete

A

has defiend edges

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9
Q

continuoes

A

does not have defined edges

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10
Q

what type of map is discrete and has object view

A

vector

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11
Q

what type of map is continous and has field view

A

raster

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12
Q

tesselations

A

pixels

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13
Q

interval data

A

continuous data that can be negative

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14
Q

ratio

A

has a natural zero EG height

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15
Q

3 componenets of geospatial data

A

spatial
thematic
temporal

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16
Q

what 2 things define vector data

A

magnitudew and direction

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17
Q

3 components of 3 tubule

A

lat long and height

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18
Q

node

A

has start, endpoint, intersection

is a special case of a vertx

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19
Q

vertex

A

simply a point on a line

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20
Q

what do rows represent

A

features

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21
Q

what do columns represent

A

attributes of features

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22
Q

what do spherical coordinates measure

A

angles with lambda and phi

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23
Q

name 2 great circles on earth

A

the equator and the prime meridian+int date line

24
Q

name 2 examples of small circles on earth

A

the tropics of capricorn and cancer

25
Q

what is the difference in the way the prime meridian and the equator are determined

A

the equator has right angles to the earth’s axis and the prime meridian is arbitrary

26
Q

how is a geoid determined

A

it is the physical model that is based on surface gravitational pull

27
Q

datum

A

a set of reference points

28
Q

datum shift

A

differences in coordinates between datum

29
Q

planimetric

A

accurate with cartesian coordniates

30
Q

azimute

A

defines the direction you are facing in degrees

31
Q

aspect

A

position from which projection is centered and viewed

32
Q

transversal rotation

A

rotating the globe so that north and south aren’t up and down

33
Q

what does conformality preserve

A

azimuths or direction and angles

34
Q

preserves area in projections

A

equivalence

35
Q

tissot indicotric

A

circles that represent distortion in projections

36
Q

if circles are circular what is being preserved

A

conformity

37
Q

if circles remain the same size that preserve…

A

equivalence

38
Q

what 2 things do cartesian systems have

A

a fixed origin and coordinates

39
Q

generalization

A

simplifying detailed lines when decreasing scale

40
Q

what is the most common shape of a tessellation

A

square

41
Q

2 terms that refer to pixels of raster images

A

cells or more rarely grid elements

42
Q

whta is the smallest distinguishgable unit in a raster

A

a cell

43
Q

nyquist shannnon smapling theory and which sub-field of GIS does it relate to

A

resolution should be atleast 1/2 as fine as the smallest image we wish to detect

remote sensing

44
Q

Any cell rule

A

always continuous but wider line

45
Q

Near center rule

A

Thin line but may be discontinuous

46
Q

what does post processing do

A

smooth lines when converting from raster to vector

47
Q

bit-depth

A

how many bits

48
Q

TIN

A

triangulated irrwegular network

49
Q

Vector models produce smaller data sets
● Topological relations are better handled using vectors
● Analysis is simpler on raster data in many cases
● Overlays are simple in the raster model
● TINs provide flexible facet sizes (efficiency)

A

k

50
Q

what do horizontal datums describe

A

points against which latitude and longitude can be measured

51
Q

what do vertical datums describes

A

points against which heigh or depth can be measured

52
Q

what is the most popular datum system and what two giants use it?

A

WGS 84

google earth and gps

53
Q

why does datum shift occur

A

different datum points use different best fit ellipsoids of earth to best describe specific areas

54
Q

rhumb or loxodrome

A

a course of constant bearing used by mariners

55
Q

2 important properties of the Lambert conformal conic

A

it is true along 2 standard parallels and works for a country’s east to west expanse

56
Q

name 3 properties of the UTM

A
  1. good for north to south expanse
  2. are 6 degrees wide
  3. origin is 500,000 meters west of central meridian (EQUATOR IS ZERO IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND ANTARCTICE IS ZERO IN SOUTHERN
57
Q

gnomonic map projection

A

turns great circles into straight lines tangentally.

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