Gastroenteritis and Food Poisoning

Question 1

what is it

Answer 1

inflammation of stomach and/or small intestine most commonly due to viruses and bacteria

Question 2

what is most common cause of food poisoning

Answer 2

clampylobacter

Question 3

what causes outbreaks

Answer 3

salmonella and E.coli 0157

Question 4

what is most common cause of viral diarrhoea in children <3

Answer 4

rotavirus

Question 5

what causes explosive vomiting

Answer 5

norovirus

Question 6

what is incubation times of staph aureus and bacillus cereus

Answer 6

short (1-6 hours)

Question 7

what is incubation times of salmonella, clostridium perfringens

Answer 7

medium (12-48 hours)

Question 8

what is incubation time of clampylobacter and E.coli 0157

Answer 8

long (2-14 days)

Question 9

where do you get clampylobacter from

Answer 9

poultry, raw milk, poor food preparation

Question 10

where do you get salmonella from

Answer 10

poultry, raw egg, meat, animal guts

Question 11

where do you get E coli 0157 from

Answer 11

beef, raw milk and water, wide variety

Question 12

what bacterias are toxin producing (produces toxin on host)

Answer 12

staph aureus
clostridium perfringens
bacillus cereus
E.coli 0157

Question 13

what are symptoms

Answer 13

fever 
abdominal pain 
rice water diarrhoea (large vol tends to be SI - cholera)
vomiting 
rectal tenesmus

Question 14

specific symptoms of E.coli

Answer 14

bloody diarrhoea and haemorrhagic colitis

Question 15

specific symptoms of clampylobacter

Answer 15

pain
blood (30%)
fever

Question 16

specific symptoms of salmonella

Answer 16

diarrhoea and vomiting
blood
fever

Question 17

how is it diagnosed

Answer 17

salmonella, clampylobacter, shigella = stool culture
giardia, amoeba, parasites = stool microscopy
c. diff, e.coli 0157 = stool toxin
norovirus = stool PCR

Question 18

general treatment for uncomplicated gastroenteritis

Answer 18

oral rehydration/IV fluids

Question 19

treatment for giardia

Answer 19

metrondiazole

Question 20

treatment for E.coli

Answer 20

NO antibiotics

Question 21

treatment for clampylobacter

Answer 21

clarithromycin - ONLY if v sick or immunosuppressed

Question 22

treatment for salmonella

Answer 22

ciprofloxacin or cefotaxime (only if co-morbidities)

Question 23

treatment of c.diff

Answer 23

metrondiazole (oral if non severe)

vancomycin IV +/- metrondiazole (severe)

Question 24

why is it so important no antibiotics given in E.coli

Answer 24

haemolytic uraemic syndrome - causes haematuria and renal failure
- primarily associated with stereotypes that produce shiga toxin 2

Question 25

how does HUS present

Answer 25

abdominal pain, fever, pallor, petechiae (purple spot), oliguria (low urine ouput), bloody diarrhoea in 90% cases

Question 26

what is results of investigations in HUS

Answer 26

High white cells, low platelets, low Hb, red cell fragments, LDH >1.5 x normal