Gastroenteritis and Food Poisoning Flashcards
what is it
inflammation of stomach and/or small intestine most commonly due to viruses and bacteria
what is most common cause of food poisoning
clampylobacter
what causes outbreaks
salmonella and E.coli 0157
what is most common cause of viral diarrhoea in children <3
rotavirus
what causes explosive vomiting
norovirus
what is incubation times of staph aureus and bacillus cereus
short (1-6 hours)
what is incubation times of salmonella, clostridium perfringens
medium (12-48 hours)
what is incubation time of clampylobacter and E.coli 0157
long (2-14 days)
where do you get clampylobacter from
poultry, raw milk, poor food preparation
where do you get salmonella from
poultry, raw egg, meat, animal guts
where do you get E coli 0157 from
beef, raw milk and water, wide variety
what bacterias are toxin producing (produces toxin on host)
staph aureus
clostridium perfringens
bacillus cereus
E.coli 0157
what are symptoms
fever abdominal pain rice water diarrhoea (large vol tends to be SI - cholera) vomiting rectal tenesmus
specific symptoms of E.coli
bloody diarrhoea and haemorrhagic colitis
specific symptoms of clampylobacter
pain
blood (30%)
fever
specific symptoms of salmonella
diarrhoea and vomiting
blood
fever
how is it diagnosed
salmonella, clampylobacter, shigella = stool culture
giardia, amoeba, parasites = stool microscopy
c. diff, e.coli 0157 = stool toxin
norovirus = stool PCR
general treatment for uncomplicated gastroenteritis
oral rehydration/IV fluids
treatment for giardia
metrondiazole
treatment for E.coli
NO antibiotics
treatment for clampylobacter
clarithromycin - ONLY if v sick or immunosuppressed
treatment for salmonella
ciprofloxacin or cefotaxime (only if co-morbidities)
treatment of c.diff
metrondiazole (oral if non severe)
vancomycin IV +/- metrondiazole (severe)
why is it so important no antibiotics given in E.coli
haemolytic uraemic syndrome - causes haematuria and renal failure
- primarily associated with stereotypes that produce shiga toxin 2
how does HUS present
abdominal pain, fever, pallor, petechiae (purple spot), oliguria (low urine ouput), bloody diarrhoea in 90% cases
what is results of investigations in HUS
High white cells, low platelets, low Hb, red cell fragments, LDH >1.5 x normal
