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Biology A-level > Gas exchange > Flashcards

Gas exchange Flashcards

1
Q

The gas exchange system clears and…

A

warms the air.

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2
Q

The gas exchange system maximises…

A

the surface area for the diffusion of gases.

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3
Q

The gas exchange system minimises…

A

the distance for diffusion.

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4
Q

The gas exchange system maintains adequate…

A

gradients for diffusion.

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5
Q

Lungs are located in…

A

the thoracic cavity.

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6
Q

Lungs are surrounded by…

A

the pleural membranes.

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7
Q

Pleural membranes enclose…

A

the airtight spaces willed with fluid which reduces firction=free movement

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8
Q

The lungs are ventilated by the movement of…

A

diaphragm and ribs.

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9
Q

Mucous membranes line…

A

the whole bronchial tree.

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10
Q

A mucus released from…

A

goblet cells traps the dirt particles.

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11
Q

Cilia are used to…

A

move the mucus to the throat.

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12
Q

Trachea structure:

A
  • C-shaped cartilage rings
  • goblet cells
  • smooth muscle
  • cilia
  • mucus glands
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13
Q

Bronchi structure:

A
  • Irregular blocks of cartilage
  • goblet cells
  • smooth muscle
  • cilia
  • few mucus glands
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14
Q

Terminal bronchioles structure:

A
  • no goblet cells
  • no cartilage
  • smooth muscle
  • cilia
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15
Q

Respiratory bronchioles structure:

A

-few cilia

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16
Q

Alveoli do not contain any…

A

of the features found in the trachea.

17
Q

Trachea carries…

A

air towards the lungs.

18
Q

Oesophagus has…

A

irregular lumen, no cartilage and thick layer of smooth muscle.

19
Q

The bronchus is the first…

A

branch from the trachea.

20
Q

Respiratory epithelium in bronchus is not as…

A

thick and has more elastic tissue.

21
Q

Wall of the trachea from the inside:

A 
ciliated epithelium
basement membrane
mucus glands 
elastic glands
cartilage
22
Q

Terminal bronchiole is surrounded by smooth muscle used to…

A

control the flow of air.

23
Q

Alveoli are air…

A

sacs, lined by a very thin epithelial layer made of squamous epithelial cells (0.5 micro)

24
Q

Alveoli have moist…

A

surface for faster diffusion and to prevent sticking to each other.

25
Q

Walls of alveoli contain…

A

many capillaries and elastic fibres, allowing them to expand.

Biology A-level (58 decks)

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