DNA and RNA Flashcards
DNA stands for…
deoxyribonucleic acid.
RNA stands for…
ribonucleic acid.
DNA and RNA are…
macromolecules and polynucleotides.
Nucleotides are…
the small subunits of DNA and RNA.
To DNA and RNA it is often referred as…
nucleic acids.
A nucleotide is made of components:
- a nitrogen-containing base
- a pentose sugar
- a phosphate group
5 different nitrogen-containing bases are:
- adenine
- thymine
- guanine
- cytosine
- uracil
RNA has a base…
uracil instead of thymine
The pentose sugar can be either…
ribose(RNA) or deoxyribose(DNA).
Deoxyribose has fewer…
oxygen atoms.
To form DNA, nucleotides are…
linked together into a long chain, inside the nucleus during the S phase.
Purine bases are…
adenine and guanine. The base consists of two pentose sugar molecules.
Pyrimidine bases are…
thymine, uracil and cytosine. The base is made of one pentose sugar molecule.
The covalent sugar-phosphate bonds…
(phosphodiester bonds) link the 5-carbon of one sugar and 3-carbon of the next. The phosphate group is between them.
The polynucleotide strand has…
3’ and 5’ ends.
