Carbohydrates Flashcards
Carbohydrates contain
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
General formula for carbs
Cn(H20)n
Carbs are divided into 3 groups
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
sugars, easily dissolve in water to form sweet solution
- all monosaccharides finish with -ose
- consist of single sugar molecule
Monosaccharides formula
(CH2O)n
Main types of monosaccharides
- Trioses(3C)
- Pentoses(5C)
- Hexoses(6C)
Trioses example
Glyceralderhyde
Pentoses examples
Ribose, deoxyribose
Hexoses examples
Glucose and fructose
Glucose formula
C6H12O6
Two types of glucose
Alpha -OH is below C1
Beta -OH is above C1
-OH is…
Hydroxyl group
Roles of monosaccharides
- source of energy in respiration
- building blocks for larger molecules
How does monosaccharides release energy?
Carbon-hydrogen bonds are broken down to release energy, which is transferred to make ATP from ADP and phosphate.
Building blocks for larger molecules
- Glucose is stored as starch, glycogen or used to make cellulose
- ribose is used to make RNA and ATP
- deoxyribose is used to make DNA
Disaccharides
- sugars
- formed by 2 monosaccharides joined together
Examples of disaccharides
Maltose (glucose+glucose)
Sucrose (glucose+fructose)
Lactose (glucose+ galactose)
Sucrose
Transport sugar in plants and it is sugar commonly sold in shops
Condensation forms…
Glycosidic bond between C1 C4 and O and H2O is released
Hydrolysis
Is the breakdown of glycosidic bond by water.
Polysaccharides properties
- not sugars
- made of monosaccharides
- made by joining many monosaccharides by condensation
Most important polysaccharides
- Starch
- Glycogen
- Cellulose
Glucose is very…
Reactive and soluble, so it has to be stored in other form- polysaccharide
Polysaccharides are…
Compact, intert and insoluble
