Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Enzyme is…

A

globular protein molecule.

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2
Q

An enzyme is a biological catalyst so…

A

it speeds up the chemical reaction but remains unchanged.

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3
Q

An enzyme is coiled into…

A

precise 3D shape with hydrophilic groups on the outside of a molecule.

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4
Q

When substrate attaches the active site it forms…

A

enzyme-substrate complex.

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5
Q

Break down of a substrate is…

A

catabolic reaction and water is required.

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6
Q

A substrate and the active site must…

A

have a complementary shape.

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7
Q

An active site is…

A

a region to which substrate can bind.

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8
Q

Lock and key hypothesis

A
  • a substrate is key and enzyme lock

- the key must have an exact shape which fits the lock

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9
Q

The substrate is held to active site by…

A

temporary bonds, which form between the substrate and some of the R-groups of the enzyme’s amino acids

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10
Q

Induced fit hypothesis

A
  • enzyme and substrate can change shape slightly as the substrate molecule enters the enzyme
  • this is to ensure a perfect fit=more efficient catalyst
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11
Q

An enzyme can catalyse…

A

joining of two substances(synthesis/anabolic reaction) or breaking down the substrate (lysis)

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12
Q

Lysozyme is an enzyme in…

A

saliva, tears and other secretions

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13
Q

Lysozyme is natural…

A

defence against bacteria.

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14
Q

Lysozyme breaks…

A

the polysaccharide chains that form the cell walls of bacteria.

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15
Q

Activation energy is energy…

A

given to the substrate so that the reaction can happen.

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16
Q

The energy of the reactant can be increased by…

A

heating (e.g. benedict’s test)

17
Q

Enzymes decrease…

A

the activation energy for the reaction to happen.