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PSY200 > Formative Multiple Choice Questions > Flashcards

Formative Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Where can scientific theory be conducted?

A

Anywhere

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2
Q

What is one observation of empiricism?

A

Observations may not be representative.

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3
Q

What is one problem with using rationalism to obtain knowledge?

A

The premises may not be true.

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4
Q

Believing in something because the President tells you it is true is an example of …

A

Authority

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5
Q

Why are models useful?

A

They represent reality, they help us to organize knowledge and they help us to understand something that can be complex.

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6
Q

A theory is often judged on the basis of …

A

how useful it is in organizing the data.

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7
Q

The scale of measurement that is called the naming scale is the ..

A

nominal scale.

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8
Q

What is science characterised by?

A

A combination of induction and deduction.

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9
Q

Is age a construct?

A

No

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10
Q

Is the ego a construct?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Is intelligence a construct?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Is gravity a construct?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Statistical procedures that help determine the statistical significance of the observations are performed during…

A

The data-analysis phase

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14
Q

Measurements by ranked categories, such as class rankings or academic grades (A, B, C, D, F), provide examples of

A

An ordinal scale

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15
Q

According to Stevens’ (1946) classification, the four scales of measurement are…

A

nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.

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16
Q

The lowest level of measurement is represented by the ________ scale.

A

Norminal

17
Q

A researcher measures student’s attitudes towards test-taking in the following way: 1-fun; 2-very fun; 3-extremely fun. This is an example of a(n) ________ scale of measurement.

A

Ordinal.

18
Q

Most psychological theories are …

A

Functional theories based on induction and deduction.

19
Q

Both ordinal and interval scales have in common the mathematical properties of …

A

identity and magnitude.

20
Q

The data produced by nominal scales are called ?

A

Categorical data

21
Q

If a researcher uses inferred constructs as a basis on which to make a prediction about new and specific observations, he or she is engaging in…

A

Deductive reasoning

22
Q

The differences between values or categories in nominal scales are …

A

Qualitative

23
Q

Which of the following participant characteristics can be directly observed in scientific research?

A

Sex of the participant

24
Q

Which variable can be directly manipulated by the experimenter?

A

The independent variable

25
Q

The differences between consecutive values in ratio scales are…

A

at equal intervals

26
Q

A researcher measures some participants on a measure that required concentration in a loud and distracting environment and others in a quiet environment. The researcher does not find the predicted relationship between performance on this measure and IQ. If you assume that such a relationship exists in reality, the failure to find it in this study may be due to…

A

Measurement error

27
Q

Which type of reliability would provide an index of the stability of a variable?

A

Test-retest reliability

28
Q

________ is a process of formulating specific questions and then finding answers in order to better understand nature

A

Scientific research.

29
Q

Low-constraint research is particularly relevant if a scientist is …

A

Breaking new grounds in research.

30
Q

What is a constraint?

A

A variable that does not vary.

31
Q

The influence of extraneous variables can reduce a study’s methodological soundness or …

A

Validity.

32
Q

What is the relationship between the reliability and the validity of a measure?

A

A valid measure must have reliability.

33
Q

If an experimenter is interested in investigating the causal relationship between two variables, what would be the best strategy?

A

Operationally define one of the variables as a manipulated independent variable in an experimental design.

34
Q

Which of the following represents data measured on an interval scale?

A

reaction time of air traffic controllers on a signal detection task

35
Q

What is a variable?

A

Any characteristic that can take more than one value.

PSY200 (49 decks)

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