Chapter 10 Glossary

Question 1

What is an anova summary table?

Answer 1

Table that organises the results of anova. For each source of variation, the degrees of freedom, sums of squares , mean squares, f-ratios and p-values are listed.

Question 2

What is between-groups variance?

Answer 2

Index of variability among group means.

Question 3

What is correlated-groups design?

Answer 3

Research design in which participants in one group are related to participants in the other groups, thus controlling individual differences and increasing power.

Question 4

What is critical thinking?

Answer 4

Applyling the principles of inference discussed in this text to everyday situations.

Question 5

What is error bar?

Answer 5

An addition made to either histograms or frequency polygons that indicates the size of the standard error of the mean.

Question 6

What is error team?

Answer 6

A measure of the variability of scores within each group that provides a basis for comparing observed differences between groups.

Question 7

What is ex post facto study?

Answer 7

Non experimental design in which the current situation is observed and related to reports of previous events.

Question 8

What is experimental design?

Answer 8

Participants are randomly assigned to groups and all appropriate control procedures are used.

Question 9

What is experimental variance?

Answer 9

Variability among the group means in a research study that is due to effects of the independent variable.

Question 10

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 10

Variabiliity due to the effects of the extravenous variable

Question 11

What is the f-test?

Answer 11

An f-ratio is an inferential statistic that is the ratio of two variance estimates.

Question 12

What is independent-groups design?

Answer 12

Researcu design in which the participants appear in only one group.

Question 13

What is interaction effects?

Answer 13

Combined effect of two or more independent variables, such that the effect of one independent variable differs depending on the level of the other independent variable.

Question 14

What is interaction effects?

Answer 14

Combined effect of two or more independent variables, such that the effect of one independent variable differs depending on the level of other independent variable.

Question 15

What is manipulation check?

Answer 15

Procedure designed to verify that the independent variable actually varied in the different conditions.

Question 16

What is the mean square?

Answer 16

A variance estimate used in ANOVAs.

Question 17

What is multilevel, completly randomised, netween subjects design?

Answer 17

A design with more than two groups, in which each participant is randomly assigned to one group.

Question 18

What is multivariable designs?

Answer 18

Designs employing more than one independent variable and thus allowing researchers to identify interactive effects independent variables.

Question 19

What are nonsystematic withion-groups variance?

Answer 19

Variance due to random factors that affect some participants more than others.

Question 20

What is partitioned?

Answer 20

Seperating the total sum of squars into between-groups and withing groups sum of squares.

Question 21

What is planned comparison?

Answer 21

Comparison of mean performance between groups that was planned before data collection.

Question 22

What is post hoc comparison?

Answer 22

Secondary analysis that evaluates effects that were not hypothesised by the researcher.

Question 23

What is pretest posttest, natural control-group design?

Answer 23

Design in which preexisting groups are measured before and after the manipulation of an independent variable.

Question 24

What is probe?

Answer 24

Testing to see which groups are statistically different from one another.

Question 25

What is randomised, postest only, control-group design?

Answer 25

Experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to two groups, and each group is tested on the dependent variable after the independent variable.

Question 26

What is randomised, pretest-postest, control group design?

Answer 26

Experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to two groups and each participants is tested on the dependent variable both before and after the manipulation.

Question 27

What is single-group posttest only study?

Answer 27

Nonexperimental design that involves manipulating the independent variabe and then taking a post manipulation measure on the dependent variable.

Question 28

What is single-group, pretest-postest study?

Answer 28

Nonexperimental design in which participants are measured on a dependent variable both before and after manipulation.

Question 29

What is single-variable design?

Answer 29

Designs that include just one independent variable.

Question 30

What is single variable design?

Answer 30

Designs that include just one independent variable.

Question 31

What single-variable, between-subjects designs?

Answer 31

Designs that include only independent variable and in which particpants are randomly assigned to groups.

Question 32

What is the standard error of the mean?

Answer 32

The standard deviation of the sample divided by the square root of the sample size. The standard error of the mean is the standard deviation of a distribution of means for a given sample size drawn from a specified population.

Question 33

What is statistically equal?

Answer 33

Groups are statistically equal when the small differences that do exist are the result of sampling error.

Question 34

What is systematic between groups variance>

Answer 34

Variability between groups that is brought about by either the experimental manipulation or by a confounding variable.

Question 35

What is time series design?

Answer 35

Research design in which multiple measures are taken before and after an experimental manipulaton or event.

Question 36

What is unbiased assignment?

Answer 36

Assigning participants to groups or conditions in such a way that the groups are statitistically equivalent at the star of the study.

Question 37

What are the withingroups variance?

Answer 37

Variability among participants within a group or conditiom.