Chapter 3 Glossary Flashcards
What is applied research?
Research to provide solutions to practical problems.
What is autonomy?
Refers to the most basic ethical safeguard, which is the right of participants to decide for themselves whether they will participate in the study.
What is basic research?
Fundamental or pure research.
Why is basic research carried out?
Basic research is carried out to add knowledge, but without applied or practical goals.
What is behavioural variable?
Variable representing some aspect of an organism’s behaviour.
What is beneficence?
A basic concept in the Belmont Report that in research the risk to participants should be minimised and the benefits to participants and society should be maximised.
What is casual relationship?
A relationship between variables in which one variable causes a predictable change in the other variable.
What are classification variables?
Organismic variables used to classify participants and assign them to groups in differential research.
What is concealment?
Deliberately misleading participants by withholding some information about the research.
What is confidentiality?
Ethical requirement to protect a participant’s sensitive information.
What are constraints?
Variables that are prevented from varying.
What are controls?
Any procedure that reduces confounding.
What is debriefing?
Disclosing to participants after the study the full nature of a study that is used in deception.
What is deception?
Procedures used in research to hide the true nature of the study. Ethical use of deception requires complete debreifing at the end of the study.
What are dependent variables?
Variable hypothesised to have a relationship with the independent variable.
What is diversity?
Diversity refers to how well various ethic, cultural, age and gender groups are represented in the research sample.
What are ethnic checks?
A serious questions about the research procedures designed to identify and correct potential ethical problems.
What are extraneous variables?
Any variable, other than the independent variable, that might affect the dependent measure and therefore confound results
What is another term for basic research?
Fundamental research
What is heuristic influence?
The nonsystematic impact of research or theory in stimulating new research.
What are independent variables?
A variable that defines groups of participants either on t a preexisting characteristic or random assignment.
What is informed consent?
Principle that participants have the right to know exactly what they are getting into before they agree to participate in a research study.
What is the Institutional Review Board?
Formal body that reviews research proposals to determine if they meet ethical guidelines.
What is the invasion of privacy?
Failure of researchers to protect the confientality of records.
What is justice?
The concept in the Belmont Report that both the risks and the benefits of research should be shared equally by all members of the population.
What is the laboratory animal care committee?
A committee that reviews the ethics of research proposals involving animals.
What is the manipulated independent variable?
Type of independent variable in which participants are randomly assigned to conditions.
What are nonmanipulated independent variable?
The preexisting variable that determines group membership in a differential research study.
What is the observed organismic variable?
Participant characteristic that can be used for classification.
What is organismic variable?
Any characteristic of the individual that can be used for classification.
What is pure research?
Another term for basic research.
What is response-inferred organismic variable?
A hypothesed internal attribute of an organism that is inferred on the basis of observed behaviour.
What is risk/benefit analysis?
Assessing research in terms of the risks it poses to participants, its value to science and society, and whether it potential benefits outweigh those risks.
What is stimulus variable?
Any part of the environment in which an organism reacts.
What is systematic influence?
The stimulaying effects of previous research and theories in providing testable hypotheses for further study.
What is translational research?
Any research, particularly basic research, that is planned so as to lead to practial applications such as in medicine, education and industry.
What is a variable?
Any characteristic that can take on different values.
