Chapter 2 Glossary Flashcards
What is an abstract?
A brief description of a research study that appears at the beginning of the paper and is included on online databases.
What is assumptions of science?
The basic tenets behind scientific theory and research.
What is behaviour?
Any observable act from any organism.
What is a case study?
Extensive observations of individuals or small groups, using minimal contraints of behaviours.
What is the communicative phase?
Research phase in which rationale, hypotheses, methods, results and interpretations of the study.
What is a construct?
Idea constructed by the researcher to explain observed events.
What is correlational research?
Research that seeks to measure the relationship between variables.
What is data analysis phase?
Research phase in which data is analysed?
What is data?
Plural noun that refers to information gathered in research.
What is deductive reasoning?
Reasoning from the general to the particular, such as when one marks specific predictions about future events based on theories.
What is deductive theory?
A theory that emphasises construct and the relationship between constructs and seeks to make predictions from the theory that can be tested with empirical research.
What is differential research?
Research that involves comparing two or more existing groups.
What is the discussion section?
The section of a research report in which the researcher interprets the findings in light of other research and theory.
What is experimental research?
Research in which participants are randomly assigned t groups and are compared on at least one dependent measure.
What are facts?
Empirically observed events.
What is functional theory?
Functional theories emphasise both inductive and deductive elements.
What is the idea-generating phase?
First step in any research project, during which the researcher selects topics to study.
What is inductive reasoning?
Reasoning from the particular to the general. Inductive reasoning is used to generate theories based on observation.
What is inference?
Any conclusion drawn on the basis of empirical data and/or theories.
What is interpretation phase?
Research phase in which the results in light of the adequacy of control procedures, previous research and existing theories.
What is a intervening variable?
Inferred factors hypothesised to operate between observed variables such as stimulus and response, helping to explain their variable.
What is introduction?
The section of a research paper in which the authors review the previous research and theory to provide a framework and rationale for the study.
What are levels of constraint?
Degree of systematic control applied in research.
What is method selection?
The selection of the research report that details the nature of the sample and the procedures used in the study/
What are models?
They are simplified representation of the complex reality of the real world.
What are naturalistic observations?
Observing the natural flow of behaviour in natural settings.
What is the observation phase?
Research phase in which the data are gathered.
What is observation?
Collecting data about a phenomenon.
What is the parsimonious theory?
A guiding principle in science which suggests that a simple theory is preferred over a more complex theory.
What is participant subsection?
Section of a research report in which the participants and the methods of participant selection are described.
What is the procedures-design phase?
Research phase in which the specific procedures to be used in the gathering and analysing data are developed.
What is the reference list?
The listing of sources that contributed to a paper.
What is the reification of a construct?
Incorrectly accepting a construct as fact.
What is results section?
Collection of ideas about how and why variables.
What is theory?
Collection of ideas about how and why variables are related.
What is a title page?
The first page of a research manuscript, which lists the author and their affiliation, the title of the paper and a running head.
What is validity?
It refers to the methodological and/or conceptual, soundness of research.
