Chapter 3

Question 1

What does research start with?

Answer 1

Research starts with questions and formulating the right questions is one of the most important elements of research.

Question 2

What is a question?

Answer 2

A question is a problem in need of answer.

Question 3

Where do most of the important questions come from?

Answer 3

Everyday life

Question 4

Does research often raise more questions than it answers?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

How do theories and prior research raise questions for new research?

Answer 5

Through hieuresitic infleunce and systematic influence.

Question 6

What is heuristic infleunce?

Answer 6

This occurs when theories or new research findings generate interest.

Question 7

What is a systematic influence?

Answer 7

This occurs whne theories or research provide testable propositions for further research.

Question 8

What is most of the research in psychology?

Answer 8

It is applied research.

Question 9

What is applied research?

Answer 9

Applied research is direct attempts to find solutions to practical problems.

Question 10

What is basic research?

Answer 10

Basic research seeks to improve the scientific understanding of nature without immeadiate concerns for practical goals.

Question 11

What is sought after in basic research?

Answer 11

Knwoledge

Question 12

What is the difficulty of basic research?

Answer 12

Finding funding

Question 13

What is a variable?

Answer 13

A variable is any events with different values.

Question 14

What should research questions specify?

Answer 14

The questions specify what behaviours to observe and under what conditions the observations are to be made.

Question 15

When classifying variables based on chracteristics, what are the types of ariables.

Answer 15

These are behavioural variables, stimulus variables and organismic variables.

Question 16

What are behavioural variables?

Answer 16

Behavoural variables are any observable response of an organism.

Question 17

What is a stimulus variable?

Answer 17

A stimulus variable is any environmental factors that have actual or potential effects on an organism’s responses.

Question 18

What is an organismic variables?

Answer 18

Organismic variable is a characteristic of an organism that can be used to classify the organism for research purposes.

Question 19

What is an independent variable?

Answer 19

Independent variable is a variable that is actively manipulated by the experimenter to see what the impact will be on other variables or used by the researcher to create groups to study based on pre-existing characteristics of the organisms.

Question 20

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 20

Dependent variable is a variable that is hypothesised to be affected by the independent variable manipulation.

Question 21

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 21

Extraneous variable is any variable, other than the independent variable that might affect the dependent measure in a study.

Question 22

What is a constant?

Answer 22

A constant is any event that is prevented from varying that is prevented from varying.

Question 23

What is a control?

Answer 23

Controls are the procedures used to reduce extraneous influences in research.