Chapter 11 Glossary

Question 1

What is ABA reversal design?

Answer 1

Single-subject design in which the effects of an independent variable are inferred from observations made first without the independent variable present, then with the independent variable present. and again without the independent variable present.

Question 2

What is baseline period?

Answer 2

Time from initial monitoring of target behaviour until the start of the manipulation.

Question 3

What is between sum of squares?

Answer 3

A generic term that usually refers to the between-conditions sum of squares in a repeated-measures ANOVA , but may also refer to the between-groups sum of squares in an ANOVA.

Question 4

What is between-conditions sum of squares?

Answer 4

The sum of squares used in a repeated measures ANOVA to compute the between-conditions variance, which is also known as the between-conditions mean square.

Question 5

What are carryover effects?

Answer 5

When participants’ involvement in one condition affects their performance in subsequent conditions.

Question 6

What is counterbalancing?

Answer 6

Control for sequence effects. With complete counterbalancing, all possible arrangements of conditions are included.

Question 7

What is experimental analysis of behaviour?

Answer 7

Procedures for the controlled study of single individuals, which are based on B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning concepts.

Question 8

What is latin square design?

Answer 8

A counterbalancing procedure that identifies a set of orders that ensures that every condition appears equally often in every position.

Question 9

What is multiple baseline design?

Answer 9

A single-subject research design in which several behaviour are monitored, and treatments are applied at different times for each behaviour.

Question 10

What is negative practice effect?

Answer 10

A decrement of performance due to previous exposure of participants to the measurement procedures.

Question 11

What is neuropsychology?

Answer 11

A field that studies the relationships of brain functioning to behaviour.

Question 12

What is partial counterbalancing?

Answer 12

Control procedure in which the order of presentation of conditions is randomly selected for each participant.

Question 13

What are positive practice effects?

Answer 13

Enhancement of performance that results from previous exposure to the measurement procedure.

Question 14

What are practice effects?

Answer 14

Any change in performance that results from previous exposure to the measurement procedure.

Question 15

What is random order of presentation?

Answer 15

A way of controlling for carryover effects, in which the order of the conditions is randomly determined for each participant.

Question 16

What is randomising within blocks?

Answer 16

A control procedure to reduce sequence effects, which involves using a block of one trial from each condition and randomising participant assignment to these conditions before going on to the next block.

Question 17

What is repeated-measures ANOVA?

Answer 17

Statistical procedure to evaluate mean differences between conditions in a within-subjects design.

Question 18

What are repeated-measures design?

Answer 18

Any research design in which participants appear in all conditions.

Question 19

What is single-subject clinical replication?

Answer 19

A specialised form of replication for single-subject designs, which is used primarily to clinical settings.

Question 20

What is single-subject direct replication?

Answer 20

Repeating a single-subject experimenter with the same participant or other participants and with the same target behaviour.

Question 21

What is single-subject experimental designs?

Answer 21

Designs that seek information from studying single subjects.

Question 22

What is single-subject systematic replication?

Answer 22

Testing for generalisation of a procedure to other conditions, persons, and target behaviours.

Question 23

What is single-subject, randomised, time series design?

Answer 23

Design in which multiple measures of the dependent variable are taken both before and after a manipulation for a single individual.

Question 24

What are subjects term?

Answer 24

The individual differences component of the within-groups variability in a repeated-measures ANOVA.

Question 25

What is time-series design?

Answer 25

Research design in which multiple measures are taken before and after an experimental manipulation or event.