Chapter 6 Practice Questions Flashcards
What does correlational research assess?
The strength of relationships among variables.
What does differential research assess?
It assesses differences between two or more groups that are differentiated based upon a preexising variable.
What does correlations do?
Correlations quantify the strength and direction of relationships and can be used for predicting one variable from another variable.
Can correlational research determine casuality?
No
Can correlational rsearch prove a theory?
No but it can negate one.
What type of variable does differential research use?
A nonmanipulated independent variable.
What are artefacts?
they are apparently effects of independent variables that are not actually the result of other variables, not properly controlled.
How is differential research structurally similar to experimental research?
We compare groups on a dependent measure.
How are differential research conceptually similar to correlational?
We measure two variables and look at the relationship between the two variables.
What is higher in constraint; differential or correlational?
Differential
why is differential higher constraint than correlational?
Procedures available that increase the confidence of conclusions.
What are experimenter expectancy?
It is the tendency of investigators to see what they expect to see
What is experimenter reactivity?
It is the tendency of investigators to influence the behaviours of participants.
What are moderator variables?
Moderator variables modify the relationship between other variables.
What is the coefficient of determination?
The square of the correlation and it indicates the proprtion of variability in one measure hat can be predicted knowing another measure.
When should differential research be used?
Differential research should be used whenever we want to kstatements now whether groups that are formed based on a preexisting variable are different to one another.
Why is it important to develop problem statements that focus on groups that differ on only a single variable?
Unless groups only a single variable, it is impssible to determine which variable might have accounted for any observed group differences.
What is a nonmanipulated independent variable?
A non manipulated variable is a variable that existed prior to the study. It is used to assign participants to different roups.
Why is careful selection of the control groups so critical in research?
Careful selection of the control groups can minimise confounding by forming groups that difffer on only a single variable.
Is correlational or differentual research capabale of determing that a casual relationship between variables exist?
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