Chapter 1 Glossary Flashcards
What is the goal of application?
In scientific research, the goal of application involves using or knowledge to solve real-world problems.
What is authority?
A way of acquiring knowledge. New ideas are accepted as valid because some respected authority has declared it to be true.
What is behaviour modification?
A set of teaching or threapeutic procedures that are based on laboratory derived principles of learnings.
What is behavioural neuroscience?
A field that relates to behaviour of an organism to the brain mechanisms contributing to behaviour.
What is behaviourism?
A philosophical perspective that argues that a scientific psychology should base its theories only on observable events.
What is causation?
Bringing about a change in a phenomenon.
What is cognitive psychology?
A sub-discipline in psychology that studies perceptual processing, memory and basic thought processes.
What is description?
Identifying and observing phenomena and carefully recording their details.
Is description one of the goals of research?
Yes
What is empiricism?
System of knowing that is based solely on observations of events.
What is experimentation?
Manipulating the independent variable to observe the effects on the dependent variable.
What is explanation?
Using scientific understanding to develop a statement of the mechanisms of how certain factors can change other factors.
What is functionalism?
A philosophical perspective that stresses the need to study how the mind functions and adapts to the environment.
What is Gestalt psychology?
A philosophical perspective on perception that rests on the concept that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
What is health psychology?
An applied discipline that focuses on understanding and modifying behaviour that affect a person physical health.
What is hub science?
A highly influential body of scientific knowledge from which other sciences and non-scientific agencies draw heavily.
What is humanistic behaviour?
A philosophical perspective that emphasises subjective experience and the distinctively human qualities of choice and self-realisation.
What is intuition?
Way of acquiring knowledge without intellectual effort or sensory processes.
What is logic?
Set of operations that can be applied to statements, and the conclusions draw from these statements, to determine the internal accuracy of the conclusions.
What is mainstream psychology?
Contemporary psychology that represents an integration of many of the early school of psychology and their theoretical models.
What is naive empiricism?
Extreme dependence on personal experience in order to accept events as facts.
What is orderliness belief?
Ancient belief that events in nature are predictable.
What is phylogenetic continuity?
An evolutionary concept about the contunuity of structure and functions between humans and other animals.
What is prediction?
It is making a statement about what will happen to one factor if we know what happens with another factor.
What is prepared mind?
A disciplined curiosity that makes scientists sharply alert to the possibility of unanticipated discoveries.
What is process of inquiry?
The perspective that views research as a dynamic process of formulating questions and answering those questions through research.
What is pseudoscience?
Popular distortions of scientific knowledge and procedures, which appear on the surface to be scientific, but lack critical scientific procedures.
What is psychology?
Scientific study of the behaviour of organisms.
What is psychophysics?
Involves the presentation of pricise stimuli under controlled conditions and the recording of the participant’s responses.
What is rationalism?
A way of knowing that relies on logic a set of premises from which logical inferences are made.
What is science?
Ways of knowing that combines rationalism and empricism.
What is scientific research?
Research based on the combination of rationalism and empiricism
What is serendipity?
The process of experiencing unanticipated scientific discoveries.
What is skeptic?
A person who characteristically applies skepticism.
What is sophisticated empiricism?
Accepting indirect evidence for a phenomenon.
What is structuralism?
A philosophical perspective, populaiszed y Wundt, in which scientists seek to identify the structure of mechanisms that control behaviour.
What is tenacity?
Ways of knowing based on accepting an idea as true because it has been accepted as true for a long time.
What is theology?
The philosophical tenets and/or study of religion.
