Chapter 5 Practice Questions Flashcards
What are the differences among people called?
individual differences
When are descriptive statistics used?
Describe data
When are inferential statistics used?
Help to researcher to draw conclusions from the data.
What are frequency distribution showing?
The number of participants with each possible score.
What kind of data can frequency distributions be used with?
Any kind of data
What does cross-tabulation involve?
It involves simultaneously categorising participants on more than one variable.
What do frequency distributions give the frequency for?
They give the frequency for each possible score.
What do grouped frequency distributions give the frequency for?
Range of scores where the ranges are of equal size.
What type of frequency do continious variables requires?
Grouped frequency distributions.
What are the common distribution shapes?
Symmetric and skewed.
What is the most commion symmetric distubution?
Normal distributoon.
What are the three measures of central tendency?
Mean, median and mode
What are deviation scores?
The distance each score is away from the mean
What are the measures of variability?
Range, variance and standared deviation
What is a correlation?
A correlation quantifies the strength and direction of a relationship between variables.
What does regression use?
Regression use the relationship to predict one variable from the value of another
What is a standard score?
A standard score indicates how many standard deviations a score is above or below the mean.
How is a standard score calculated?
It is computed by subtracting the mean from the score and dividing the difference.
What does variance take into affect?
All scores where range is only highest and lowest
What does the mean take into account?
All scores where the mode can be unstable if just one or two scores change.
What do correlations describe ?
They describe the relationship between two or more variables.
What is the population?
The population is the larger group of people of interest.
What is a sample?
A subset that is drawn from the population.
What is sampling error?
The natural vairation among different samples from the same population.
What does alpha level refer?
It refers to the cutoff point used for making a decision to reject the null hypothesis.
What does type 1 error?
Type 1 error is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
What is type 2 error?
Type 2 error is failing to reject the null hypothesis.
What is the tests for mean differences?
t-test and anova
When is a t-test used?
T-test ed when there are two groups.
What is anova used?
When there are two or more groups.
What is power analysis?
A power analysis us used to determine how large a sample size should be to detect an existing group difference. It is important because it assures that the researcher has sufficient power before the study is started.
What is effect size?
The ffect size is an index of the sie of the difference between group means expressed in standard deviation.
How must scienticists present their data?
They present their dat and statisics accurately without bias.
What is cherry icking data?
Reporting findings that are consistient with your hypothesis while ignoring condictory results.
