Chapter 5 Practice Questions

Question 1

What are the differences among people called?

Answer 1

individual differences

Question 2

When are descriptive statistics used?

Answer 2

Describe data

Question 3

When are inferential statistics used?

Answer 3

Help to researcher to draw conclusions from the data.

Question 4

What are frequency distribution showing?

Answer 4

The number of participants with each possible score.

Question 5

What kind of data can frequency distributions be used with?

Answer 5

Any kind of data

Question 6

What does cross-tabulation involve?

Answer 6

It involves simultaneously categorising participants on more than one variable.

Question 7

What do frequency distributions give the frequency for?

Answer 7

They give the frequency for each possible score.

Question 8

What do grouped frequency distributions give the frequency for?

Answer 8

Range of scores where the ranges are of equal size.

Question 9

What type of frequency do continious variables requires?

Answer 9

Grouped frequency distributions.

Question 10

What are the common distribution shapes?

Answer 10

Symmetric and skewed.

Question 11

What is the most commion symmetric distubution?

Answer 11

Normal distributoon.

Question 12

What are the three measures of central tendency?

Answer 12

Mean, median and mode

Question 13

What are deviation scores?

Answer 13

The distance each score is away from the mean

Question 14

What are the measures of variability?

Answer 14

Range, variance and standared deviation

Question 15

What is a correlation?

Answer 15

A correlation quantifies the strength and direction of a relationship between variables.

Question 16

What does regression use?

Answer 16

Regression use the relationship to predict one variable from the value of another

Question 17

What is a standard score?

Answer 17

A standard score indicates how many standard deviations a score is above or below the mean.

Question 18

How is a standard score calculated?

Answer 18

It is computed by subtracting the mean from the score and dividing the difference.

Question 19

What does variance take into affect?

Answer 19

All scores where range is only highest and lowest

Question 20

What does the mean take into account?

Answer 20

All scores where the mode can be unstable if just one or two scores change.

Question 21

What do correlations describe ?

Answer 21

They describe the relationship between two or more variables.

Question 22

What is the population?

Answer 22

The population is the larger group of people of interest.

Question 23

What is a sample?

Answer 23

A subset that is drawn from the population.

Question 24

What is sampling error?

Answer 24

The natural vairation among different samples from the same population.

Question 25

What does alpha level refer?

Answer 25

It refers to the cutoff point used for making a decision to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 26

What does type 1 error?

Answer 26

Type 1 error is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.

Question 27

What is type 2 error?

Answer 27

Type 2 error is failing to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 28

What is the tests for mean differences?

Answer 28

t-test and anova

Question 29

When is a t-test used?

Answer 29

T-test ed when there are two groups.

Question 30

What is anova used?

Answer 30

When there are two or more groups.

Question 31

What is power analysis?

Answer 31

A power analysis us used to determine how large a sample size should be to detect an existing group difference. It is important because it assures that the researcher has sufficient power before the study is started.

Question 32

What is effect size?

Answer 32

The ffect size is an index of the sie of the difference between group means expressed in standard deviation.

Question 33

How must scienticists present their data?

Answer 33

They present their dat and statisics accurately without bias.

Question 34

What is cherry icking data?

Answer 34

Reporting findings that are consistient with your hypothesis while ignoring condictory results.