FORM & FUNCTION (Glands)

Question 1

Glandular epithelium:

Answer 1

-secretory cells of the exocrine and endocrine glands
-formed by the proliferation of surface epithelial cells into the underlying connective tissue

Question 2

Exocrine glands:

Answer 2

-mostly multicellular glands with a ductal system
>connected to surface epithelium
-ducts carry secretions into the sites of utilization
-simple and compound glands

Question 3

Simple (exocrine) glands:

Answer 3

-one or more secretory units connected to a simple duct
-contain acinus or alveolus

Question 4

Acinus:

Answer 4

-small and narrow

Question 5

Alveolus:

Answer 5

-large and distended

Question 6

Compound (exocrine) glands:

Answer 6

-many secretory units connected to a complex ductal system

Question 7

Endocrine glands:

Answer 7

-multicellular glands that do not have a ductal system
-secretory products are hormones
-secretion is released into the intercellular fluid and then carried by the blood and lymph

Question 8

Glands can contain:

Answer 8

-just glandular epithelium OR
-parenchyma (does the job) and stroma (helps hold it together)

Question 9

Parenchyma:

Answer 9

-both glandular epithelium + ductal system (also composed of epithelial cells)
>glandular epithelium: produces the secretory product
>ductal system: transports the secretory product

Question 10

Stroma:

Answer 10

-made of connective tissue

Question 11

Large glands divided:

Answer 11

-into lobes and lobules

Question 12

Lobules:

Answer 12

-contain secretory units (either acinus/alveolus)

Question 13

Myoepithelial cells:

Answer 13

-cells that exhibit the characters of both muscle and epithelium
-found at the base of the secretory cells/units
-helps to release the secretion into the duct when contracted in response to a stimulus

Question 14

Unicellular glands examples:

Answer 14

-goblet cells found among epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract lumen

Question 15

Multicellular glands:

Answer 15

-intraepithelial
-extraepithelial
-endocrine
-exocrine (simple and compound)

Question 16

Multicellular exocrine glands: morphologic characteristics:

Answer 16

-simple tubular
-simple coiled tubular
-simple branched tubular
-simple acinar & simple branched acinar
-simple alveolar & & simple branched alveolar
-compound alveolar
-compound tubular acinar/alveolar

Question 17

Simple alveolar & simple branched alveolar:

Answer 17

-larger/extended
-lumen is larger

Question 18

Simple cuboidal: Intralobular duct:

Answer 18

-also called striated ducts
-striations due to abundance of mitochondria
>provide energy for active transport (ex. electrolyte balance)

Question 19

Stratified cuboidal: Intralobular duct:

Answer 19

-larger interlobular ducts might have stratified columnar epithelium

Question 20

Types of glands based on nature of secretory product:

Answer 20

-serous
-mucous
-mixed or seromucous

Question 21

Serous:

Answer 21

-thin watery product
-contains zymogen granules (precursors of enzymes)
-stain pink/purple
-ex. parotid gland, exocrine pancreas

Question 22

Mucous:

Answer 22

-thick and viscous mucin
-contains mucinogen (precursors of mucin)
-stain white/clear
-ex. salivary gland

Question 23

Mixed or seromucous:

Answer 23

-contains serous, mucous or seromucous secretory units
-serous towards side/base=serous demilune
-ex. parotid gland, sweat glands