ANATOMY (Muscles of the Thoracic Appendage) Flashcards
4 types of tissue
- Connective
- Epithelial
- Muscle
- Nervous
3 types of muscle
- Cardiac
- Smooth
- Skeletal
skeletal muscle cells
-striated
-extremely long (during development they fuse together)
-mainly forms muscles that attach to and move the skeleton (UNDER VOLUNTARY CONTROL)
-some prevent movement to maintain body positions and acheive desired motion
other funtions of skeletal muscle
-stabilize joints
-move eyeball
-facial expression
-respiration
-straining (urination, defecation)
-urinary bladder and bowel continence
-twitch or wrinkle skin
muscle fibre
-multinucleated muscle cell
-surrounded by endomysium
fasicle
-group of fibers surrounded by perimysium
epimysium
-surrounds the entire muscle
-merges with deep fascia
tendon
-dense regular connective tissues
-muscle is supported by connective tissue that merges together to form a tendon
-attach muscle to bone (ligaments attached bone to bone)
-don’t contract like muscles
-viscoelastic (return to form after they stretch, as you apply more force they are stiffer)
aponeurosis
-broad, flat tendon
tendons need more protection sometimes
- Sesamoid cartilage or bone
- Bursa: fluid filled cushion
- Synovial sheath: similar to bursa, but wraps around tendon
attachments
-bony and non-bony
-origin: least movable attachement (usually proximal)
-insertion: most movable attachement (usually distal)
agonist
-provides most the force to cause the movement
*prime mover (usually the biggest muscle)
synergist
-causes the same movement as the agonist muscle
antagonist
-resists the movement
-causes the opposite movement
neutralizer
-cancels out extra motion produced by an agonist muscle so that the movement occurs in the desired plane
fixator
-stabilizes the origin of an agonist muslce to help the agonist muscle function effectively
extrinsic muscles
-sometimes called axioappendicular
-from the axial skeleton to the appendage
intrinsic muscles
-within the appendicular skeleton
synsarcosis
-links the thoracic appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton
-throacic axioappendicular muscles of common domestic animals comprise it
*a connection between parts of the Skelton formed by muscles alone
>there is no bony link
extrinsic thoracic appendicular muscle actions
- Cranially vs. caudally
- Protraction vs retraction
- Rotate scapula
- Dorasally vs. ventrally
- Draw scapula against thorax
- Support trunk
- Abduction vs. adduction
rotate scapula
-medially: internal rotation
-laterally: external rotation
support trunk
-since there is no bony link
-like a hammock/swing
intrinsic thoracic appendicular muscle actions
- Shoulder joint
-internal (medial) vs external (lateral) rotation
-abduction vs. adduction - Carpal and digital joints
-pronation vs. supination
-abduction vs. adduction
