ANATOMY (Joints of the Appendages)

Question 1

joints

Answer 1

-offically called articulations
-some unite bone firmly, other permit free movement

Question 2

major categories

Answer 2

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginour
3. Synovial

Question 3

fibrous joints

Answer 3

-bone united by dense connective tissue
-don’t move at all
Ex. interosseous ligament (attachs radius to ulna)
-gomphosis (anchors tooth to bone)
-suture (joins bones to skull)

Question 4

cartilaginous joints

Answer 4

-bones united by cartilage
-restricted movement
Ex. epiphyseal plate
-pelvic symphysis
-joint between adjacent vertebral bodies

Question 5

synovial joints

Answer 5

-bones seperated by fluid-filled cavity
-more movement
Ex. movable joints of appendages
*numerical classification

Question 6

numberical classification of synovial joints

Answer 6

1. Simple
2. Composite

Question 7

simple (synovial joint)

Answer 7

-one pair of articular surfaces
Ex. shoulder

Question 8

composite

Answer 8

-more than two articular surfaces
Ex. elbow

Question 9

components of synovial joint

Answer 9

1. Joint capsule
2. Joint cavity
3. Articular cartilage
4. Pouches?

Question 10

joint capsule

Answer 10

-synovial membrane: not always supported by fibrous layer (sometimes there is fat), produces synovial fluid
-fibrous layer

Question 11

articular cartilage

Answer 11

-insensitive: no nerves or blood supply
-joins with synovial membrane

Question 12

pouches

Answer 12

-can extend quite far
-use them to extract or inject

Question 13

joint capsule horse stifle

Answer 13

-joint capsule extends far proximal to the patella
-cruciate ligaments create compartment (barrier between medial and later condyles)
>would have to draw fluid from both sides

Question 14

join capsule horse carpal

Answer 14

-if block 2 distal carpal joints = blocks them all