Fire Protection Flashcards
What’re the 3 subsystems for Fire Protection system ?
-Fire Protection - Chemical system
-Fire Protection- H2O System
-Fire Detection & Alarm System
What’re the functions of the Fire protection chemical system ?
-Detect,Contain, & extinguish fires in areas where water is impractical
-Assure availability of at least one safe shutdown path
-Minimize loss of life & property
What’re the functions of Fire protection H2O system ?
-Maintain reliable source of water to extinguish fired inside power block
-provide water flow & pressure to supply hose hydrants for manual firefighting
- Provides water flow & pressure when wet pipe/or pre-action sprinkler
What’re the functions of Fire Detections and Alarm Systems ?
-Provide fire/smoke detection for areas that contain or present potential fire exposure to related equipment
-Initiate visual and audible alarms to warn plant personnel of fire/smoke
What’re the properties that make CO2 such a good fire extinguishing agent ?
1.)Non-combustible
2.)Non-reactive
3.)Non-Conductive
What’re CO2 extinguishers used for ? Where are areas that CO2 flooding systems are commonly used for ?
-They’re used for suffocation & cooling
-They’re used in unoccupied areas and contains equipment vulnerable to both fires and water spray damage
What’re areas in plant that have CO2 flooding system ?
-Battery rooms A-D
-ESF switchgear room (A/B Train)
-SBOGS to extinguish fire
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How would CO2 be deployed in the non class switchgear room ?
-CO2 would get deployed from hose reels manually by fire department
-Hose reels get the CO2 from the same storage tank and all other CO2 systems
What’re the dangers of CO2? What is used to let people know CO2 is about to be used ?
-CO2 displaces oxygen in the area & bloodstream, leads to unconsciousness or death
-Pre alarm will sound before CO2 is dispersed so people can get out the area
What must happen for CO2 to be auto dispersed ?
-CO2 is initiated when crosszones one smoke & one thermal fire detector are actuated
What’re the pre-alarms for CO2 flooding ?
First alarm- Bell sounds when one detection zone actuates
Second alarm- Pre-discharge alarm for personnel safety to leave area
-Wintergreen odorant also to warn people after CO2 is discharged
What must be worn when using the CO2 Hose reels?
SCBA & turnout gear must be worn, which makes this a Fire Department function
Where is the CO2 source located at ?
Low Pressure storage vessel located in each power block by radwaste building
What else does CO2 supply vessel used for in the plant ?
-CO2 is used to purge the main generator
- Lower portion of the vessel is dedicated to fire protection
What’re properties of Halon that make it’s a desirable Fire extinguisher?
.Non-toxic
.Non-Conductive
.Leaves little corrosive residue
Where type of areas is Halon usually used in ?
-Both occupied and unoccupied areas
-Areas vulnerable to both Fire and Water spray damage
What areas in the control building does Halon system provide fire protection to ?
-Remote Shutdown Rooms
-Inverter room
-Computer Room
-Communications room
How is automatic release of Halon initiated ?
-Activation of Two ionization detectors arranged in cross zone manner
-Specifically for remote shutdown room, a temp. rate of rise detector will also initiate halon flooding
What’re the alarms that’ll be used when detectors are actuated ?
First alarm - Early detection alarm that registers locally and at control room computer console
Second alarm- isolates room from HVAC system using fire dampers
-Also actuates pre-discharge alarm,which results in discharge of Halon
What’re ways to manually discharge Halon ?
-Operating Pull Station handle or by manual actuation at halon storage cylinder
What components does a Halon system have ?
-Storage container cylinders
-Control Valve
-Piping
-Spraynozzle
-Detection and actuation system
-Alarms
-Manual Pull station
What’re the components for Fire protection -Water system ?
-Water storage Tanks
-Fire Pumps
-Jockey Pump
-Fire Main Header
-Hydrants
-Hose Stations
-Sprinkler system
What’re features of the water storage tanks ?
-Two water storage tanks located at WRF
- Tanks are supplied from a deep well pump
How many pumps do we have for Fire Protection ?
-Three 50% capacity fire pumps
-Jockey pump to maintain header pressure with no loads on system
What’re the spacing between fire hydrants? What’re the Hose lengths that are used ?
-Fire hydrants spaced in 250ft intervals
-Fire hose connections all over building
-75ft hoses used in normally accessible areas
-Isolated cases are permitted the use of 100ft hose lengths
What’re the 3 types of sprinkler systems ?
-Wet pipe
-Deluge
-Pre-Action
What is the Fire Detection and Alarm system(QK) used for ?
-Unit divided into fire areas & zones
-Each fire zone is provided with fire detection device
What’re the Fire Detection devices used for ?
They’re ONLY used to detect fire,they DO NOT actuate any fire suppression system
How is Fire and smoke detection and alarming accomplished ?
-Ionization detectors
-Photoelectric detector
-Flame ultraviolet detectors
-Rate of rise/fixed temp. Detectors(heated actuated devices)
-Line Type heat detectors
What is the main purpose for QK system ?
Early fire detection and notification only
In the event of a fire and smoke condition where can the alarms be seen ?
-An audible and visual alarm is activated at control panel & in Main Control room
What is main power supply for most of the QK system panels ?
Essential lighting system & Backup capabilities is provided
How do ionization detectors work?
-Detect visible or invisible products of combustion using radioactive alpha sources to ionize combustion product. Any increase in conductivity is detected and alarmed
What are areas where Ionization Detectors aren’t supposed to be used ?
-Areas with 7.5mrem/hr
-Areas subject to diesel or gasoline fumes
How does a Photoelectric Detector work?
-Detector light emitting diode and a diode receiving element
-Normally receiving element receives no light
-If there is smoke particles then light will reflect off particles to the receiving element to make electronic signal
-If signal exceeds certain level an alarm is activated
Where are photo electric detectors usually used at ?
Used where ionization detectors are not suitable
How do ultraviolet Detectors work ?
-Has a photoelectric cell beneath infrared filter lens, that detects a flame flickering for at least 3 second
-Produces a pulse that initiates an alarm
How do Heat Actuated Devices work ?
-Detect a predetermined, fixed temperature 135 degrees or200degrees
-Rate of temp. Rise (15F per minute)
-Provides positive,rapid means of detecting fire
What happens when the fixed temp. Detector setpoint is reached on a Heat Actuated devices ?
-Melts a fusible solder element and actuates an alarm
-Must be replaced after used
What happens when Rate of Rise Detector set point for a Heat Actuated Device is reached ?
-Rapid temp rise will cause differential expansion of a gas filled tube
-Tube will contact an electrical circuit causing an alarm
How does a Line Type Detector work ?
-Heat sensitive material is wrapped around 2 wires, once temp gets hot (195F) wires will short out
Where is a Line Type Detector used at in the plant ?
- The wire is called Protecto Wire and is primarily used above cable trays
How does Fire Protection interface with essential lighting system(QB) ?
-QB Supplies power for local CO2 fire control panels & most fire protection systems
-If power is lost,local control panel is unavailable
How does Fire Protection interface with Domestic Water system ?
-DS water is provided from two deep wells
-DS provides water for fire protection and domestic use
-DS water pumps maintain level in fire water storage tanks
How does fire protection interface with In-Plant Communications(QF)?
Fire alarm annunciation over QF system
How does Fire Protection interface with Instrument and Service Air System(IA) ?
Pre-Action sprinkler system 20psi service air to monitor integrity of dry fire water piping
How does Fire Protection interface with HVAC control building(HJ)
Receives interlock signals from halon systems
What does each Fire Protection Control Panel consist of ?
-1or more zone modules and a common module
How many zones does each Zone Module monitor ? What is provided for zone module ?
-1 to 4 zones can be monitored
-Zone module has zone alarm and trouble lamps are provided for each zone it
What does common module provide for the Zone Module ?
-Provides circuitry that interfaces with zone modules to form a complete system
What does the common module have ?
-has general alarm,trouble lamps, and power failure for local annunciation
Where are individual zone alarms,power failure,& general trouble signals sent to ?
They’re sent from local panel to the Fire Security system/fire protection system computer, then from there to the Main Control Room Fire Protection Terminal
What happens when any actuation of the QK system is actuated ?
Detector will cause an alarm to be annunciated at local panel and Main Control room & an Aux. operator will be dispatched to the zone investigate
How do Automatic wet pipe sprinklers work ? What alarm active when initiated ?
-Pressurized water pipe,as temp rise in area fusible links melt on sprinkler head and will immediately discharge
-Local and remote alarm indications
How does automatic water spray/deluge work ? What alarms will actuate if this opens ?
-Dry pipe normally only allows flow when there is smoke or ambient heat rise that’ll melt fusible link in spray nozzles
-Local and Remote alarms
What must happen if the deluge water system doesn’t open automatically ?
There is a deluge valve emergency release to manually actuate system
What’re some areas that a deluge water system is used?
-Main Feed Pump Turbines
-Hydrogen Seal Oil Unit
-Main Turbine Bearings
-Lube Oil Room
What are Automatic Pre-Action Sprinklers for ?
1.)Has low pressure service air inside pipe normally
2.)If smoke or heat detector actuates it will pressurize pipe with water
3.)If an area gets hot enough the fusible links will melt spray nozzle ONLY in affect area
What must happen if Pre-Action sprinklers don’t auto initiate ?
Manually opening pre-action valve emergency release
What’re the 3 important things when entering a Fire or Hazard area ?
-Communication
-Location
- Hazard Identification
What are 3 important things to communicate between control room and AO ?
1.) Alarm type and correct location of effected area
2.)Conditions found in affected area
3.)Any Additional info from the scene, as requested by control room and or fire dept
Due to a fire or smoke alarm, how should an AO communicate to control when being dispatched ?
-AO must use 3 way communication back to control room
-AO must understand the nature of emergency
-Examples to communicate would be: Smoke alarm, Fire alarm, and water suppression
-AO knows nature of particular alarm
Why is responding to correct location of alarm important ?
-AO and control must know difference between panel location and actual effected area
-AO is supposed to be dispatched to the area of emergency, NOT where the alarm or alarm panel is at
What hazards can an AO look for ?
-electrical
-fire conditions
-toxic environment
-oxygen deficient environment
-High pressure steam
-Slipping hazards
What information is expected from AO to relay to the Incident commander for the Fire Team ?
-Location
-Hazard and type “confirmation”
-Size
-Equipment
- casualties
What are expectations for fire extinguishment ?
-If AO feels comfortable in de-energizing component or using local fire extinguisher this would be at AO best judgment
