Final Exam Flashcards
What was the dawn of the industrial revolution?
Mid 1700’s
What was life like before the 1750s?
Most of the world lived in rural villages.
Most people knew little about the world beyond their village.
People grew their own food and made their own clothes.
What was life like before the 1750s?
Most of the world lived in rural villages.
Most people knew little about the world beyond their village.
People grew their own food and made their own clothes.
What was starting to evolve by the 1850s?
Country villages will begin to disappear as cities emerge.
New inventions and modes of travel.
Train and steamship.
Telegraph.
Sewing machine.
What did the second agricultural revolution lead to?
New Job specialization.
What “new” farming methods led to the agricultural revolution?
1). Fertilizer (animal)
2). Crop rotation
3). Jethro Tull’s seed drill (rows versus random scattering)
4). Enclosure: Wealthy landowners consolidated peasant land = increasing efficiency.
What is the policy of glasnost?
Freedom of speech.
After the second agricultural revolution, in addition to new job specialization, what else did it lead to?
A surplus of food, and population growth.
What’s the difference between World War I and World War II battles styles?
World War I = Trench Warfare
World War II = Total War
After the second agricultural revolution where did people begin to migrate to?
From rural villages to cities.
What did peasants that were forced off their land provide?
New labor forces needed in cities.
What did job specialization lead to?
New discoveries in energy and design.
Such as…
- Steam power
- Coal
- Iron ore
- Steam engine
Who invented the steam engine?
James Watt
What was the textile industry like before the Industrial Revolution?
The old system was the cottage industry and peasants had to work out of their own homes.
Who led the way in the industrial revolution?
Britain.
What were the 5 factors that caused England to get ahead in the Industrial Revolution?
- A large unemployed workforce
- Geography
- Abundant natural resources
- New businesses take off
- The birth of factories
Why was there a large unemployed workforce in England?
New agricultural technology left many farmers homeless and unemployed so farmers migrated to the cities in search of homes and jobs.
The farmers were hard workers but they were not highly educated but could be easily trained.
Why was geography a factor of England leading the industrial revolution?
Water = Easy transportation of goods.
Rivers:
- Water could be turned into power.
- Canals encouraged trade.
Which means that transporting goods was cheap and easy.
Ports:
- Cities located on large bodies of water (ocean, seas, large inland lakes) usually had rivers that flow into them.
What abundant natural resources did England have?
Coal and Iron.
Coal was burned to power steam engines.
Iron could be used to build new machines (steamships and trains).
What are entrepreneurs?
People who created and invested in businesses like mining, railroads, textile, etc.
What do factories increase?
Output and production.
What was positive about the birth of factories?
Workers go to work in the factories instead of in their homes.
What was the outcome of the birth of factories?
Tons of inexpensive goods get produced.
This was great for the consumer’s pocketbooks.
After England became industrialized what happened?
Workers pay and benefits began to increase.
What were the Industrial Working Class Housing Conditions?
Tenement (multistory) apartments
No running water
No sewage or sanitation system
Garbage rotted in the streets
Sewage was dumped into the river and pumped back in as contaminated water
What was life like in the factories and mines?
Working shifts lasted 12-16 hours, six or
seven days a week
Mine workers breathed in lint which damaged
their lungs.
Collapsing tunnels and explosions were
frequent.
If workers were hurt or injured, they lost their
jobs.
Women were likely to be hired to work in a
factory because they earned ½ the pay of men.
What were the results of the industrial revolution?
Early on: More goods worldwide at a much lower price.
The bad: Low pay, dismal living conditions, and child labor.
The good: (at the end of the I.R.) workers’ wages rose and the standard of living increased. However, this took several hundred years to happen.
Why was there a new way of thinking after the industrial revolution?
Thinkers were trying to understand the drastic changes taking place because of the Industrial Age.
