Big Unit Test Flashcards
Explain the four noble truths.
A belief that all life is suffering and the solution is to end all desire.
If you followed the eightfold path, what would you achieve?
Nirvana.
What is Nirvana?
The state of perfect piece and harmony.
Explain Siddhartha Guatama.
He was born into a wealthy family but rejected all possessions and chooses to focus on the roots of suffering.
Who was Asoka related to?
He was Chandragupta’s grandson.
What was Asoka responsible for?
The death of 100,000 people during the battle of Kalinga.
What happened after Asoka killed people?
He decided to reject violence and become Buddhist.
What did Asoka do with Buddhism?
He spread it to Asia and throughout the world.
What did Asoka create?
Asokan pillars that represented Buddhism.
When can Buddhists reach enlightenment?
Any time during their lifetime.
What do Hinduists believe about enlightenment?
That it takes many lifetimes to achieve peace with Brahma (enlightenment).
What does BCE stand for?
Before Common Era
What does CE stand for?
Common Era
What century is 576 BCE
6th century
What were some of the Indus River Valley Declines?
Invaders from the North
River Floods
Earthquakes
Who was Chandragupta?
A conquerer and a killer
What is a Dowry?
A financial payment to the groom from the bride’s family.
What is Confucianism?
An ethical system originated by Confucious that outlined social order and political behavior.
Confucious believed that harmony resulted when?
People accepted their place in society.
Who could take the civil service exam?
Any male.
What happened if you did well on the Civil Service Exam?
You were brought to the emperor’s court, got paid well, and were considered a genius.
True or False the exam still happens today?
True
List two places the silk road connects
China and Europe
What is the silk road?
A national road and trading system.
What did Shi Huangdi do to ensure stability?
He outlawed and burned many books.
What did Shi Huangdi use to consolidate power?
He used legalism by creating laws that would keep him in power.
What is legalism?
Strict following of the law.
What did Shi Huangdi accomplish?
He built various sections of the great wall.
What was the purpose of the great wall?
To protect china from the Huns and other invaders.
What did Shi Huangdi try to do so he can live forever?
Drink Mercury
What is the mandate of heaven?
The idea that a leaders power comes from a higher, more divine power.
What is an example of the mandate of heaven?
God chose our president, not the people.
Who ruled the Qin dynasty?
Shi Huangdi
What is Dharma?
The path of righteousness. Living your life and following the code of conduct. By following these laws, one can save themself from suffering.
What is atman?
The spiritual principle of life. Translated into spirit, essence, soul, and breath. Knowing ones essential self and inner core.
What is Moksha
Enlightment
What is Hinduists’ ultimate goal of existence?
To reach Moksha (enlightenment).
How can you get to Moksha?
You must follow various laws and the devotion of god.
What did the caste system root in?
Their belief in reincarnation and karma.
How many castes are there?
There are four main castes, though there are many non-main castes.
What caused the Ummiyad Empire to fall?
The Byzantines and the Persians were weak and they had Jihad.
What is Jihad?
Jihad is a justified attack for anyone who wanted to destroy Islam.
Why did everyone want to go to Ghana?
They had lots of salt and gold and could make someone very wealthy.
From highest to lowest what is the order of the caste system?
Brahmans (teachers or priests)
Kshatriyas (Farmers or traders)
Vaishyas (Farmer, merchant, or trader)
Shudras (Manual labor)
Where was the Byzantine empire located?
Eastern portion of the old Roman Empire.
What were the influences of the Byzantine empire?
Greek and Roman culture.
What is the capital of Byzantine?
Constantinople
Who was the Byzantine’s famous ruler?
Justinian
What did Justinian do for the Byzantine empire?
He helped restore the empire and was successful at reclaiming land back in Rome.
What was Justinian in charge of?
Spiritual and political power.
What weakened the Byzantine empire?
Plagues and Constantinople were almost destroyed by fellow Christian armies in Italy’s 4th crusades.
What was the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople?
The Byzantine Empire was falling apart and the Ottomans destroyed Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul.
What is Monotheism?
The belief that there is only one god.
What religion did the Torah belong to?
Judaism
What is the Torah?
The first five books of the bible.
What did the Sunnis believe?
That any Muslim could be the new Muhammad.
What did the Shi’tis believe?
That the new ruler had to be blood-related to the old ruler.
What was the longest standing empire?
Zhou
What was the Byzantine impact on Russia
They sent missionaries to interact with the Russian slavs.
What are the Slavs?
One of the first groups in Rome.
Who was Constantine?
He made Christianity legal.
Who was Muhammad?
The last profit and the founder of Islam.
What did Delhi Sultanate achieve?
Trade connections between India and Muslim land.
Also diffused culture.
What are the five pillars of Islam?
- The profession of faith - There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.
- Prayer - Should be practiced 2 times a day.
- The giving of alms or to charity.
- Observing the month of Ramadam - In which Muslims fast from sun up to sundown.
- Hajj - The once-in-a-lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca, Muslims are expected to make it if they can afford it.
What is the special tax for “people of the book”
An opposed tax on people who are non-Muslims if they wanted to keep their religion.
What were the Ottomans known for?
They were known for gunpowder, cannons, and muskets.
What was Safavids’ success?
The Shah Abbas.
Who were the Shah Abbas?
A powerful military that modeled after the Janizaries.
What did the Shah Abbas do?
They made alliances with the enemies of Ottomans and they reduced taxes on farmers.
What was the decline of the Safavid empire?
The death of Shah Abbas and Ottaman conflicts.
What was Islam’s appeal in India?
Islam was well received by members of the lower caste system. Islam taught that all people were equal and not referred to a lower class.
Who was Sultan Suleiman?
He was a ruler in the Ottoman Empire.
How did Camels influence trade?
Trade across the Sahara increased because it was now possible to travel across the Sahara.
What transformed the kingdom of Ghana?
Tolls collected from gold and salt helped build the kingdom.
What was Mansu Musu famous for?
His pilgrimage to Mecca.
What was the impact of Mansu Musus hajj?
It increased the amount of trade between Mali and the Muslim empire.
What did the Great Zimbabwe kingdom do?
They were landlocked, so they had to begin an extensive trade partnership with other African kingdoms along the coast.
What were the 4 declines of Rome?
Political problems, frontier problems, social problems, and economic problems.
Who practiced bloodletting?
The Mayans
What did the Mayans accomplish?
They developed and advanced civilizations and they accomplished mathematics, astronomy, and invented an advanced form of writing.
What did the Aztecs achieve?
They built Chinampas.
What religion were the Aztecs?
Polytheistic
What did the Incans accomplish?
Terrace farming and the quipu.
What is the Quipu
An elaborate system using knots.
