F.8 Emerging concepts Flashcards
Appraise new data sources and emerging technologies, and their relevance to health.
What does appraising a new data source or emerging technology involve?
Evaluating potential before its use and assessing its use after introduction.
What are the key appraisal questions for new data sources or emerging technologies?
- Appropriateness
- Efficiency
- Effectiveness
- Cost-effectiveness
- Implementation
What does ‘appropriateness’ refer to in the context of new data sources?
Whether the new data source or technology is suitable for the intended purpose and context.
What is the definition of cost-effectiveness in relation to new technologies?
The value or benefit of using the new technology exceeds the cost of producing it.
What is the role of health informaticians in health technology assessment?
To assess the relevance of new data sources and emerging technologies to health and biomedicine.
What is health technology assessment?
A multidisciplinary process to determine the value of a health technology at different lifecycle points.
Which agencies are involved in health technology assessment in Australia?
- Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
- Medical Services Advisory Committee
- Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee
- Prostheses List Advisory Committee
True or False: Health informaticians should not be involved in health technology assessments.
False
What is the significance of relevance in data quality?
It refers to how well the information meets the needs of its users.
What factors influence the appraisal of relevance?
- Fit for purpose definition
- Understanding of purpose and context
- Frame of reference
- Evidence to support claims
- Methods for evaluating evidence
What are traditional sources of health data?
- Surveys
- Administrative and medical records
- Vital records
- Public health surveillance collections
- Registries
- Health insurance claims
What is the estimated global volume of genomic-sequencing data by 2025?
40 exabytes
What is genomic data?
The study of all of a person’s genes, including interactions with each other and the environment.
What are some complexities associated with genomic data?
- High complexity
- Diagnostic uncertainty
- Familial implications
- Privacy concerns
- Lack of standardisation
What does the Internet of Health Things (IoHT) refer to?
Connectivity between devices that capture health-related data.
What is the forecast for the number of IoHT devices by 2030?
Approximately 125 billion
What are some uses of IoHT data?
- Remote patient monitoring
- Self-monitoring
- Treatment compliance
- Service personalisation
- Process automation
What challenges are associated with consumer-generated data?
- Data security
- Data provenance
- Standardisation and interoperability
What are examples of consumer health tech devices?
- Fitness trackers
- Smartwatches
- Wearable ECG monitors
- Blood pressure monitors
- Smart scales
What was the purpose of Google Flu Trends?
To use search data to estimate flu prevalence in real-time.
Fill in the blank: Health is a data-intensive business, with traditional sources accounting for only around _______ of a person’s health.
10%
True or False: The majority of health-related apps reviewed by VicHealth received high ratings.
False
What is psychographic data?
Psychographic data refers to information that categorizes individuals based on their psychological attributes such as values, interests, and lifestyles
Used to personalize services and enhance business strategies
What was Google Flu Trends?
Google Flu Trends was an initiative that used search data to estimate flu prevalence in real-time
It failed during the 2013 US flu season and was discontinued
What are some applications of psychographic data in healthcare?
Applications include:
* Analyzing health behaviors
* Predicting risk-taking
* Assessing health literacy
* Segmenting patient demand
* Evaluating health promotion success
What issues are emerging regarding consumer-generated data?
Emerging issues include:
* Data provenance
* Standardisation and interoperability
* Scepticism within health professions
What percentage of health data is unstructured?
80% or more of health data is unstructured
Includes notes, forms, and transcripts
What is Natural Language Processing (NLP)?
NLP combines linguistics and computer science to interpret and process human language
Used for extracting data and recognizing health conditions
What are the ‘5 Vs’ of data?
The ‘5 Vs’ are:
* Volume
* Velocity
* Variety
* Veracity
* Value
What does the term ‘Volume’ refer to in the context of data?
Volume refers to the enormous amount of data generated, forecasted to grow significantly in the health sector
IDC predicts a growth to 175 zettabytes by 2025
What does ‘Velocity’ signify in data management?
Velocity indicates the speed at which data is generated and processed, with predictions of real-time data capture doubling by 2025
What is ‘Veracity’ in data analysis?
Veracity refers to the accuracy and trustworthiness of the data, which can vary across different sources
What is the anticipated compound annual growth rate for AI in healthcare by 2026?
The anticipated compound annual growth rate is around 45%
According to MarketsandMarkets
What are the two types of AI?
The two types of AI are:
* Narrow AI
* General AI
What is the significance of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)?
XAI addresses the challenge of understanding how AI algorithms arrive at conclusions, which is crucial for clinical decision-making
What is ‘Big Data’?
Big Data refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing software
Characterized by the ‘5 Vs’
What are some challenges associated with Big Data in healthcare?
Challenges include:
* Sorting and prioritizing data
* Lack of advanced data science skills
* Bias in data interpretation
* Privacy and confidentiality concerns
What is Blockchain?
Blockchain is a database technology that stores data in blocks that are chained together chronologically
Known for high security and immutability
What are some applications of Blockchain in healthcare?
Applications include:
* Electronic health records
* Supply chain management
* Consent management
* Genomics
* Health insurance
What is a significant barrier to AI adoption in healthcare?
Barriers include:
* Lack of finance
* Lack of AI strategy
* Limited understanding of AI’s potential
* Uncertain return on investment
What is the definition of relevance according to the provided text?
Having significant and demonstrable bearing on the matter at hand
Merriam-Webster, n.d-7
From whose perspective is the app considered relevant if it achieves a healthier lifestyle?
The developer/seller’s perspective
Credible evidence of the app’s impact on health is necessary.
What might be the purpose of the developer/seller if the app is not relevant for health?
Generating revenue
This suggests that relevance is only considered for profit motives.
What does the user’s perspective require to deem the app relevant for health?
Credible evidence of the app’s impact on achieving a healthier lifestyle
Users must verify the app’s relevance.
What could indicate a defective search for evidence by the user?
Assuming relevance which was not there
This may lead to misjudgment of the app’s effectiveness.
What is likely the user’s purpose if they do not find credible evidence of relevance?
Appearing to seek a healthier lifestyle
This reflects a potential lack of genuine interest in health.
From whose perspective is the determination of relevance based on the app’s impact on healthier lifestyles?
The health or lifestyle professional’s perspective
They apply the definition of relevance in their assessment.
