F.11 Information system architecture Flashcards
Differentiate enterprise and information systems architecture components.
What are the three main components of information technology systems?
Hardware, software, and networks.
Define information systems.
Integrated sets of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for providing information, knowledge, and digital products.
What additional components are added to information technology systems via usage?
Data, people, and processes.
What are input devices?
Devices that convert incoming data and instructions into electrical signals comprehensible to a digital computer.
Give examples of input devices.
- Keyboards
- Mice
- Microphones
- Cameras
- Scanners
- Sensors
What are output devices?
Devices that convert digitized signals into forms comprehensible to a user.
List examples of output devices.
- Video display terminals
- Printers
- Speakers
- Headphones
What is a microprocessor?
Electronic circuitry imprinted on silicon chips that perform functions by executing instructions.
What is the role of storage devices in a computer?
To retain data.
What types of software exist?
- Programming software
- System software
- Application software
What is malware?
Malicious software designed to harm or exploit any programmable device.
What are computer viruses?
Malicious programs that replicate themselves and spread from one computer to another.
True or False: Computer worms need a host program to spread.
False.
Define scareware.
Programs that frighten users into purchasing rogue applications.
What is ransomware?
Software that blocks access to a computer system and demands a ransom.
What is adware?
Software that extracts user information to direct specific advertisements, not necessarily harmful.
What is middleware?
Software that connects or mediates between software components in a distributed computing environment.
What are the main components of computer networks?
- Nodes
- Links
What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?
A network designed to connect computers in a specific area.
What does network topology refer to?
The arrangement of links and nodes in a computer network.
List three types of network topologies.
- Bus
- Mesh
- Star
What is a database?
A collection of data organized for rapid search and retrieval by computers.
Define database schema.
A blueprint for a particular database describing how it should be implemented.
True or False: People are often regarded as external to information systems.
True.
Who are considered stakeholders in information systems?
- Clinical Users
- Non-clinical Users
- Secondary Users
- Designers, Developers, Vendors
- Patients, Society
- Operators and supporters
- Funders
- Architects, Strategists
- Project Managers
- Media
What is a sociotechnical system?
An approach that emphasizes the interaction between technology and the social context in which it is used.
Define enterprise architecture.
A blueprint describing how an enterprise’s data, applications, and technology infrastructures align with business goals.
What is information system architecture?
The fundamental concepts or properties of an information system in its environment.
What does IS architecture model?
- System boundaries
- Inputs
- Processes
- Outputs
What is IS architecture?
IS architecture can be described from different perspectives to varying levels of abstraction and in terms of various components.
What does IS architecture model?
IS architecture models system boundaries, inputs, processes, and outputs.
What is critical to define in an information system?
It is critical to define the information system boundaries clearly.
What does enterprise architecture consider?
Enterprise architecture considers the business layer and how information systems support the business.
How can information systems be analyzed?
Information systems can be disaggregated into subsystems and linked to other information systems via interfaces.
What aspect of information systems can be considered throughout their lifecycle?
Information systems can be considered throughout their entire lifecycles.
What are architectural patterns?
Architectural patterns are abstract descriptions of recommended architectural approaches that have been tested and proven successful.
What is an example of an architectural pattern?
Client-server architecture is an example.
What does client-server architecture involve?
It involves processing workloads shared between servers and clients connected via a network.
What are the three clusters of functions in tiered architectures?
- Presentation
- Applications
- Data management
What defines peer-to-peer architectures?
In peer-to-peer architectures, every node has the same capabilities and responsibilities.
What is functional suitability in IS architecture?
Functional suitability is the degree to which the system provides functions that meet agreed requirements.
What does performance measure in an IS architecture?
Performance measures the degree to which the system meets requirements in terms of time, resource usage, and capacity.
What is usability in the context of IS architecture?
Usability is the degree to which specified users can use the system to achieve specified goals effectively and efficiently.
What does compatibility refer to in IS architecture?
Compatibility refers to the degree to which the system can exchange data with other systems.
What is meant by reliability in IS architecture?
Reliability is the degree to which the system continues to operate effectively over a given period.
What does security measure in an IS architecture?
Security measures the degree to which the system protects data and information consistent with specified access parameters.
What is maintainability in the context of IS architecture?
Maintainability is the degree of ease with which the intended maintainers can modify the system.
What does portability refer to in IS architecture?
Portability refers to the ease with which a system can be transferred to different environments.
What is reusability in IS architecture?
Reusability is the degree to which a system can be deployed in other systems with little or no change.
What does scalability measure in IS architecture?
Scalability measures the degree to which the system can accommodate load increases without performance decreases.
