F.16 Interfacing and interoperability standards Flashcards
What is interoperability according to ADHA?
Interoperability enables consistent information sharing between people, organisations, and systems.
ADHA, 2017
How does HIMSS define interoperability?
The ability of different information systems, devices and applications to access, exchange, integrate and cooperatively use data in a coordinated manner.
HIMSS, n.d.
What is the IEEE’s definition of interoperability?
The ability of a system or a product to work with other systems or products without special effort on the part of the customer.
IEEE, 2016
What are the HIMSS Four-level model levels of interoperability?
Level 0: No interoperability exists.
Level 1: Foundational interoperability.
Level 2: Structural interoperability.
Level 3: Semantic interoperability.
Level 4: Organisational interoperability.
HIMSS, n.d.
What is Level 1 in the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model (LCIM)?
Technical interoperability. A communication protocol exists for the exchange of information.
IEEE, 2017
What does Level 2 represent in the HIMSS model?
Structural interoperability. Defines the format, syntax and organisation of data exchange.
HIMSS, n.d.
Define semantic interoperability as per HIMSS.
Provides for standard underlying models and codification of the data, ensuring shared understanding.
HIMSS, n.d.
What is organisational interoperability?
Includes governance, policy, social, legal, and organisational considerations to facilitate secure communication of data.
HIMSS, n.d.
Fill in the blank: An interface is the place at which independent and often unrelated systems ______.
meet and act on or communicate with each other.
Merriam-Webster, n.d.
What is an application programming interface (API)?
A set of defined rules that explain how computers or applications communicate with one another.
IBM, 2020
What does the National Digital Health Strategy prioritize?
- Health information is available whenever and wherever needed.
- High-quality data with commonly understood meaning.
- Health information that can be exchanged securely.
ADHA, n.d.
What is the desired state of health system interoperability?
Capacity for authorized parties to securely discover and obtain health data, to use it safely, and to conduct necessary transactions.
ADHA, 2017
True or False: Interoperability is not possible without implementing standards.
True.
IEEE, 2016
What does the OSI model consist of?
7 layers: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical.
ISO and IEC
What is the function of the transport layer in the OSI model?
Ensures messages are delivered error-free, in sequence, and without losses or duplications.
Microsoft, 2014
What are data content standards?
Standards describing which data are required for various use cases, their associated metadata, and their relationships.
Standards definition context
Fill in the blank: Standardisation is the processes via which specified domains achieve a targeted level of consistent implementation of ______.
specific standards.
Rowlands, 2020-2
What is the fourth theme in New Zealand’s health interoperability roadmap?
Pragmatic interoperability. A shared understanding exists of the context under which the information was used or produced.
New Zealand Government, 2020
What are the sub-domains of interoperability standards?
- Data content standards
- Concept representation standards
- Data exchange standards
- Communication standards
Standardisation details
What does industry-level standardisation relate to in the OSI model?
Level 7 – the applications layer
The OSI model provides a conceptual framework for understanding network protocols.
What are the four sub-domains of standards required for interoperability?
- Data content standards
- Concept representation standards
- Data exchange standards
- Data integrity standards
What do data content standards describe?
Which data are required for various use cases, their associated metadata, and their relationships.
What is the purpose of concept representation standards?
To describe how content will be expressed in ways unambiguously understood by disparate parties.
What do data exchange standards define?
The data structures and formats via which data can be accessed within an information system.
What do data integrity standards focus on?
Rules that implement privacy, security, and identity management.
Who is a major supplier of Australian data content standards?
AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare)
What is METEOR?
AIHW’s Metadata Online Registry for national health data and information standards.
What is the primary purpose of AIHW’s data standards?
Generation of statistical data.
What does ADHA stand for?
Australian Digital Health Agency
What is openEHR?
A technology for e-health consisting of open specifications, clinical models, and software.
What role does GS1 play in health informatics?
Developing standards-based solutions for data exchange challenges.
What does NCTS stand for?
National Clinical Terminologies Service
What does SNOMED CT stand for?
Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms
What is the Australian Medicines Terminology (AMT) used for?
Standardised identification of brand and equivalent generic medicines.
What are LOINC codes used to represent?
Requests for observations in clinical settings.
What are the six dimensions distinguished by LOINC codes?
- Component
- Property
- Time
- System
- Scale
- Method
What does ICD-10-AM stand for?
International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th revision – Australian version.
What is the main focus of HL7?
Providing standards for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information.
What does FHIR stand for?
Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources
What are the two main parts of FHIR?
- A content model in the form of ‘resources’
- A specification for the exchange of these resources
What challenge does FHIR address in healthcare standards?
Handling variability caused by diverse healthcare processes.
What is HL7’s Version 2x (V2) messaging standard known for?
Being the most widely implemented standard for healthcare electronic data exchange.
What is the latest version of HL7 V2?
2.9, published in 2019.
True or False: HL7 V2 standards are backward compatible.
True
Fill in the blank: The primary supplier of data exchange standards supporting health interoperability is ____.
HL7
What is the main purpose of HL7 V2?
To provide substantial flexibility in message construction for health informatics.
What is a potential weakness of HL7 V2 in cross-organisational contexts?
Different organisations can implement HL7 V2 messaging quite differently.
What does HL7 Version 3 (V3) provide?
A suite of specifications based on HL7’s Reference Information Model (RIM).
What methodology does V3 use for message construction?
A model-driven methodology that produces messages and electronic documents expressed in XML syntax.
What are the two key components of the ADHA’s Secure Messaging Program?
- Introducing a federated provider directory capability
- Enhancement of the message exchange format
What is the main goal of IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise)?
To improve the way computer systems in healthcare share information.
True or False: IHE is a standard.
False.
What does IHE provide to promote the adoption of standards-based interoperability?
A detailed implementation and testing process.
What is the Connectathon?
A weeklong interoperability-testing event.
What does ISO 17090 concern?
Public key infrastructure and validating entity credentials in healthcare.
What is the focus of ISO 25237?
Principles and requirements for privacy protection using pseudonymisation services.
What guidelines does ISO 27799 provide?
Guidelines for organisational information security standards and practices.
Fill in the blank: ISO 21090 provides a set of datatype definitions for _______.
[representing and exchanging basic concepts commonly encountered in health care information exchange]
What are the Australian Privacy Principles (APPs)?
Principles-based law regarding privacy protection in Australia.
What does the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) oversee?
The Australian Privacy Principles (APPs).
What is the relationship between Standards Australia and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)?
Standards Australia provides a conduit to the ISO.
What is the importance of the IHE process?
Defines specific implementations of established standards to achieve integration goals.
What are state and territory privacy principles in relation to the APPs?
Similar but not necessarily identical to the Australian Privacy Principles.
