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MICROBIOLOGY > EXERCISE 5 > Flashcards

EXERCISE 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

STERILIZATION VS DISINFECTION

  1. process
  2. physical or chemical means (2)
A

S: destroys all living forms thru both physical and chemical means

D: inhibit growth of microorganisms thru chemical means

: only destroy susceptible vegetative cells -> endospores & viruses may still live

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2
Q

4 types of CHEMICAL sterilization

A

Ethylene oxide

Glutaraldehyde

Hydrogen peroxide

Ozone

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3
Q

what do you call CHEMICALS that:
1. kill organisms
2. inhibit growth

A
  1. cidal agents
  2. static agents
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4
Q

3 PHYSICAL methods of sterilization

A
  1. Heat
  2. Filtration
  3. Radiation
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5
Q

3 TYPES of HEAT STERILIZATION

-> MOA (2; 2; 3)
-> USE (3; 6; 2)

A
  1. Direct Heat/Flaming
    - oxidation of chemical constituents
    - burning to ashes
    -> wire loops, needles, and glass rods
  2. Dry Heat
    - oxidation of chemical constituents
    - burning to ashes
    -> glassware, porcelain/ceramicware, surgical instruments, powders, anhydrous oils, paper-wrapped itemss
  3. Moist Heat
    - degrades nucleic acids
    - denatures proteins and enzymes
    - disrupts cell membrane
    -> culture media and glassware
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6
Q

WHAT is commonly used to sterilize SMALL EQUIPMENT to manipulate bacteria aseptically

A

FLAMING

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7
Q

DISADVANTAGES of direct flame (2) + how to counter

method that works well for 2nd disadvantage

A

1.during flaming, infectious material may spatter from wire loops
2.gas flames may leave residue

  1. special heaters (heated cages -> surround loop)
  2. dip object in 70/95% ethanol and ignite quickly
    (works well for NON-POROUS GLASS “hockey stick”-shaped or L-rods)
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8
Q

WHAT destroys microorganisms by causing coagulation of proteins

A

DRY HEAT

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9
Q

DRY HEAT
- what equipment is used for dry heat (like san linalagay yung mga sinesterilize)
- ideal TEMP and TIME

A
  • hot air oven
  • 160-170 C for 2-3 hrs holding time
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10
Q

WHAT TYPE OF HEAT STERILIZATION is one of the earliest forms of sterilization practices

A

DRY HEAT

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11
Q

WHAT STERILIZATION uses hot air that is FREE from water vapor or has limited amount

A

DRY HEAT

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12
Q

WHAT is fitted within a HOT AIR OVEN to:
1. ensure even distribution of hot air
2. maintains chamber air at chosen temperature

A
  1. fan
  2. thermostat
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13
Q

Advantages (5) & Disadvantages (3) of DRY HEAT

A

A:
1. non-toxic
2. environment-safe
3. gently and thoroughly penetrates material
4. non-corrosive (compatible w metal)
5. low operating cost

D:
1. slow rate of heat penetration
2. requires extremely high temperature
3. overexposure may ruin items

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14
Q

Precautions when using DRY HEAT OVEN (7)

A
  1. not overloaded
  2. arranged to allow free air circulation
  3. materials to be sterilized should be DRY
  4. test tubes & flasks NEED to be fitted w cotton plugs
  5. petri dish and pipette should wrapped properly in paper
  6. not allowed - rubber and inflammable materials
  7. after heating, 2 hr cool down is needed to avoid glass breaking
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15
Q

WHAT TYPE OF HEAT STERILIZATION is carried out at high temperature to destroy resistant forms (endospores)

A

Moist Heat

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16
Q

WHAT TYPE OF HEAT STERILIZATION requires use of saturated steam

A

MOIST HEAT

17
Q

WHAT TYPE OF HEAT STERILIZATION is most widely used, economical, and dependable method

A

MOIST HEAT

18
Q

what DOES moist heat commonly sterilizes (2)

A

biohazardous trash
aqueous preparation of culture media

19
Q

MOIST HEAT
- equipment used
- temp. pressure. and time

A
  1. autoclave
  2. 121 C, 15 psi, 15 mins
20
Q

PRINCIPLE of moist heat sterilization

Temperature at which ____ occurs is ______ proportional with the amount of ____ present

A

denaturation
inversely
moisture

21
Q

Purpose of PRESSURE in moist heat

A

means to obtain HIGH TEMPERATURE necessary to quickly kill microorganisms

22
Q

MOIST HEAT

When should u start worrying abt the minimum sterilization time

A

kapag all materials have reached sterilization at the reuired temperature

23
Q

what is the KEY to autoclaving (moist heat)

A

temp must be high enough to kill resistant structures

24
Q

TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, and TIME

Correlation in MOIST HEAT

A

TEMP - adjusted and monitored
PRESSURE - used to reach the temp
TIME - monitored after required temp is reached

25
Q

ADVANTAGES (4) and DISADVANTAGES (4) of MOIS HEAT

A

A:
1. non-toxic
2. easy to control and monitor
3. fast results
4. inexpensive

D:
1. damaging to heat-sensitive materials
2. may leave materials wet -> cause rusting
3. repeated exposure to moisture -> cause damage
4. potential for burns

26
Q

DRY HEAT vs MOIST HEAT in terms of:

  1. temperature
  2. rate of heat penetration
A

D: higher temperature -> slower rate
M: lower temp but higher water pressure -> faster rate

27
Q

WHAT TYPE of sterilization uses filters with pores that do not allow bacterial cells to pass thru

A

filtration

28
Q

pore size of FILTERS in FILTRATION STERILIZATION

A

0.2 - 0.45 um in diametr

29
Q

MOA (1) and USE (6) of FILTRATION

A

MOA : physical removal of microorganisms

USE: heat sensitive fluids and w low concentration count (enzymes, proteins, carbs, antibiotics, toxic chemicals, vaccines)

30
Q

EQUIPMENT used in FILTRATION

A

High-efficiency particulate air filters

31
Q

ADVANTAGES (3) and DISADVANTAGES (4) of filtration

A

A:
1. fewer materials and equipment
2. for heat-sensitive solutions
3. Fast results (large volumes can be filtered quickly)

D:
1. only for liquids and gases
2. filters themselves are expensive
3. filters are easily damaged compared to others
4. clog easily

32
Q

2 types of RADIATION STERILIZATION

+ EXAMPLES (2; 1)
+ MOA (3; 2)

A
  1. Ionizing radiation
    - x and g rays
    - DNA damage
    - penetrates deep into materials (shorter wavelenght)
    - formation of free radicals
  2. Non-ionizing Radiation
    - UV
    - DNA damage from THYMINE DIMERS
    - low penetration power
33
Q

MOA of chemical sterilization (2)

A
  • disrupts plasma membrane
  • denature proteins
34
Q

What chemical agent is SELDOMLY used due to bad odor

A

Phenol

35
Q

what do you call the thing that u disinfect

A

fomite

36
Q

example of a natural disinfecatant

A

vinegar

37
Q

4 factors affecting efficacy of disinfectants

A
  1. type, number, and location of microbes
  2. concentration and nature of disinfectant
  3. length of treatment
  4. temp and other physical and chemical factors

MICROBIOLOGY (23 decks)

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