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MICROBIOLOGY > CH 6 > Flashcards

CH 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Common Prokaryotic shapes (9)

A
  1. coccus
  2. bacillus
  3. vibrio
  4. cocobacillus
  5. spirochetes
  6. spirillum
  7. pleomorphic
  8. filamentous
  9. APPENDAGED
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2
Q

Common Prokaryotic Arrangements (6)

A
  1. Diplo (2)
  2. Tetrad (4)
  3. Strepto (chain)
  4. Staphylo (cluster)
  5. Sarcina (2 tetrad to form 3d fig)
  6. Palisade (side by side individually)
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3
Q

3 main external structures of prokaryotes

A
  1. glycocalyx
  2. flagella
  3. pili/fimbriae
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4
Q

What process happens in RUMINANT ANIMALS?

A

microorganisms convert cellulose (grass) to glucose and then to microbial fermentation (fatty acids and CO2 + CH4)

Waste products

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5
Q

2 types of glycocalyx

A

capsule
slime layer

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6
Q

What is a Glycocalyx

A

an outer, viscous polysaccharide/polypeptide covering made of fibers that surround a prokaryotic cell

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7
Q

Arrangement of capsule + attachment

A

well-organized
firmly attached to cell wall

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8
Q

Attachment of slime layer + composition

A

loosely attached
interlocking molecules of protein or glycoprotein

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9
Q

IMPORTANCE of glycocalyx (6)

A

protection against:
1. ion and pH change
2. osmotic stress
3. enzymes
4. predacious bacteria and phagocytes

  1. enhances virulence
  2. adherance
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10
Q

What do you call bacteria with 1 flagellum?

—- at the end of one side?
—- at both sides?

A

monotrichous

polar

amphitrichous

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11
Q

What di you call bacteria with multiple flagella at…

—- one end
—- all around

A

lophotrichous

peritrichous

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12
Q

Fimbria vs Pili

A

both are thinner than flagella

F - more numerous, shorter
P - lesser, longer

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13
Q

CELL WALL COMPOSITION

Gram Positive vs Gram Negative

A

GP:
1. 1 thick layer of peptidoglycan
2. techoic acid lines shoot out from the cell membrane to outer of the peptidoglycan

GN:
1. 2 cell membranes
2. 1 thin layer of peptidoglycan
3. lipopolysaccharide (on outer membrane)

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14
Q

What is present in Gram positive cell (chemical composition) wall that is not found in gram negative?

A

pentapeptide

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15
Q

What bacteria has no cell wall and has s___ and l___ in cell membrane

A

sterol
lipoglycans

Mycoplasma mycoides

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16
Q

3 major functions of the cell membrane

A
  1. permeability barrier
  2. protein anchor
  3. energy conservation
17
Q

BACTERIA vs ARCHAEA membrane in terms of:

  1. lipid layer
  2. type of lipids
  3. type of fatty acids
A

B: lipid bilayer, ester-linked lipids, straight chain fatty acids
A: lipid monolayer, ether-linked lipids, branched fatty acids

18
Q

4 unique types of INCLUSION BODIES

A
  1. carbon stage polymers
  2. polyphosphate, sulfur, and carbonate minerals
  3. magnetosomes (magnetic storage inclusions)
  4. gas vesicle structure
19
Q

4 common types of inclusion bodies

A
  1. prokaryotic ribosomes
  2. nucleoid
  3. plasmid
  4. endospores
20
Q

are PLASMIDS required for growth and reproduction?

A

no

21
Q

possible advantages of PLASMIDS (3)

A

carry specific genes with unique characteristics
1. drug resistance
2. pathogenicity
3. new metabolic activities

22
Q

Location of MATURE ENDOSPORE vs DEVELOPING ENDOSPORE

A

ME: outside vegetative
DE: inside vegetative

23
Q

VEGETATIVE CELLS vs ENDOSPORES in terms of:
1. physical environment
2. type of staining
3. water content and enzymic activity
4. ability to grow and metabolize

A

V: sensitive to heat and radiation; gram staining; normal water content and enzymatic activity; capable of active growth and metabolism

E: resistant; do not absorb gram stain, only special endospore stains; dehydrated and no metabolic activity; dormant with no growth and metabolic activity

24
Q

3 types of ENDOSPORES

A
  1. terminal
  2. subterminal
  3. central
25
Q

What do ANTIBIOTICS target in bacteria and what is their mode of action

A

CELL WALL - inhibit protein synthesis

26
Q

Why are ANTIBIOTICS not as effective against old cultures

A

cell wall isnt intact and composition changes over time

MICROBIOLOGY (23 decks)

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