CH 4 Lecture Flashcards
What is the complete destruction of all microorganisms?
STERILIZATION
What process kills, inhibits, and removes PATHOGENIC microorganisms?
DISINFECTION
Inanimate objects that carry microorganisms
FOMITES
Reduction of microbial population to levels considered safe by public health standards
SANITIZATION
Process of preventing infections in living tissues using CHEMICALS
ANTISEPSIS
Agents that carry out ANTISEPSIS to use against MICROORGANISMS only and not cause tissue damage
ANTISEPTICS
Mechanical + Chemical REMOVAL off germs on human body tissues
DEGERMING
2 types of HEAT application
MOIST heat and DRY heat
MOIST HEAT
- denatures ____ and other ____ components
- more effective in ____ cells
proteins
cellular
penetrating
DRY HEAT
- i____ or burning to ASHES
- 2 types: DIRECT FLAME and HOT AIR
incineration
TYPES of moist heat
1. use of autoclave and pressure cooker
2. sterility is not achieved
3. kill pathogens and reduce the number spoilage microorganisms
4. intermittent or fractional sterilization
5. kills vegetative cells and eukaryotic spores
6. heated to 100 C for 15-30 mins for 3 consecutive days (overnight INCUBATION @ 37 degrees in between)
- Steam under pressure
- Boiling
- Pasteurization
- Tyndallization
- Boiling
- Tydallization
under STEAM UNDER PRESSURE, what are the 2 indicators to ensure STERILITY?
AUTOCLAVE TAPE
GEOBACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS SPORES
Basis of PASTEURIZATION?
Coxiella burnettii
3 types of PASTUERIZATION
LTLT - 63 C, 30 mins
HTST - 72 C, 15 mins
UHT - 135-140 C, 1-2 secs
decreased enzyme activity = decrease in
metabolic activity
LOW TEMPERATURE
exclusion of microorganisms AT 0.2 MICRO for heat sensitive solutions
FILTRATION
What kind of filtration filters 0.3 MICRO METERS organisms
High-efficiency particulate air filters
Process of lowering water activity
MICROBIOSTASIS
What process performs MICROBIOSTASIS
Dessiccation
2 TYPES of dessiccation
- Drying
- Lyophilization (Freeze Drying — rapid freeze then sublimation)
Causes osmotic shock
Addition of solutes (salt and sugar)
radiation that breaks into DNA and used for materials that CANNOT be autoclabed
IONIZING RADIATION
radiation that forms THYMINE DIMERS and only DISINFECTS SURFACE level due to poor penetrating power
NON-IONIZING RADIATION
radiation that causes both THYMINE DIMERS and OXIDATION
Sunlight radiation (UV and visible light)
natural or synthetic chemicals used to destroy and inhibit microorganisms
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
- means kill
-CIDAL
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
- mean stop
-STATIC
PHENOL vs PHENOLICS
Phenol
- benzene ring with -OH
PHENOLICS
- more stable compounds with phenol
WHAT TYPE OF PHENOL/PHENOLICS
membrane disruption and
proteins denaturation
- THYMOL
- eucalyptol
- cresols
WHAT TYPE OF PHENOL/PHENOLICS
inhibition of fatty acid- biosynthesis pathway AND banned the by US FDA in September 2016
TRICLOSAN
protein denaturation
most effective at 70%
concentration
alcohol
MOA: oxidation of cellular components
HALOGENS (GRP 7A)
TYPE OF HALOGEN
complexed to form iodophors
iodine
TYPE OF HALOGEN
examples are: Hypochlorous acid and
sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
chlorine
TYPE OF HALOGEN
MOA: inference of metabolism (toothpaste)
Fluorine/Fluoride (toothpaste)
MOA:
* protein denaturation
* Oligodynamic
* does not show selective
toxicity
hEAVY mETALS
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL
- used to treat syphilis
Mercury
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL
- combined with antibiotics
- coating in medical supplies
Silver
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL
used to control algal growth
Copper
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL
MOA: membrane disruption
oxidation
Metal-based nanoparticles
MOA: physical removal of
microorganisms
SURFACTANTS
