CH 4 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the complete destruction of all microorganisms?

A

STERILIZATION

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2
Q

What process kills, inhibits, and removes PATHOGENIC microorganisms?

A

DISINFECTION

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3
Q

Inanimate objects that carry microorganisms

A

FOMITES

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4
Q

Reduction of microbial population to levels considered safe by public health standards

A

SANITIZATION

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5
Q

Process of preventing infections in living tissues using CHEMICALS

A

ANTISEPSIS

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6
Q

Agents that carry out ANTISEPSIS to use against MICROORGANISMS only and not cause tissue damage

A

ANTISEPTICS

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7
Q

Mechanical + Chemical REMOVAL off germs on human body tissues

A

DEGERMING

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8
Q

2 types of HEAT application

A

MOIST heat and DRY heat

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9
Q

MOIST HEAT

  • denatures ____ and other ____ components
  • more effective in ____ cells
A

proteins
cellular
penetrating

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10
Q

DRY HEAT

  • i____ or burning to ASHES
  • 2 types: DIRECT FLAME and HOT AIR
A

incineration

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11
Q

TYPES of moist heat
1. use of autoclave and pressure cooker
2. sterility is not achieved
3. kill pathogens and reduce the number spoilage microorganisms
4. intermittent or fractional sterilization
5. kills vegetative cells and eukaryotic spores
6. heated to 100 C for 15-30 mins for 3 consecutive days (overnight INCUBATION @ 37 degrees in between)

A
  1. Steam under pressure
  2. Boiling
  3. Pasteurization
  4. Tyndallization
  5. Boiling
  6. Tydallization
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12
Q

under STEAM UNDER PRESSURE, what are the 2 indicators to ensure STERILITY?

A

AUTOCLAVE TAPE

GEOBACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS SPORES

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13
Q

Basis of PASTEURIZATION?

A

Coxiella burnettii

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14
Q

3 types of PASTUERIZATION

A

LTLT - 63 C, 30 mins
HTST - 72 C, 15 mins
UHT - 135-140 C, 1-2 secs

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15
Q

decreased enzyme activity = decrease in
metabolic activity

A

LOW TEMPERATURE

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16
Q

exclusion of microorganisms AT 0.2 MICRO for heat sensitive solutions

A

FILTRATION

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17
Q

What kind of filtration filters 0.3 MICRO METERS organisms

A

High-efficiency particulate air filters

18
Q

Process of lowering water activity

A

MICROBIOSTASIS

19
Q

What process performs MICROBIOSTASIS

A

Dessiccation

20
Q

2 TYPES of dessiccation

A
  1. Drying
  2. Lyophilization (Freeze Drying — rapid freeze then sublimation)
21
Q

Causes osmotic shock

A

Addition of solutes (salt and sugar)

22
Q

radiation that breaks into DNA and used for materials that CANNOT be autoclabed

A

IONIZING RADIATION

23
Q

radiation that forms THYMINE DIMERS and only DISINFECTS SURFACE level due to poor penetrating power

A

NON-IONIZING RADIATION

24
Q

radiation that causes both THYMINE DIMERS and OXIDATION

A

Sunlight radiation (UV and visible light)

25
natural or synthetic chemicals used to destroy and inhibit microorganisms
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
26
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS - means kill
-CIDAL
27
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS - mean stop
-STATIC
28
PHENOL vs PHENOLICS
Phenol - benzene ring with -OH PHENOLICS - more stable compounds with phenol
29
WHAT TYPE OF PHENOL/PHENOLICS membrane disruption and proteins denaturation
- THYMOL - eucalyptol - cresols
30
WHAT TYPE OF PHENOL/PHENOLICS inhibition of fatty acid- biosynthesis pathway AND banned the by US FDA in September 2016
TRICLOSAN
31
protein denaturation most effective at 70% concentration
alcohol
32
MOA: oxidation of cellular components
HALOGENS (GRP 7A)
33
TYPE OF HALOGEN complexed to form iodophors
iodine
34
TYPE OF HALOGEN examples are: Hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
chlorine
35
TYPE OF HALOGEN MOA: inference of metabolism (toothpaste)
Fluorine/Fluoride (toothpaste)
36
MOA: * protein denaturation * Oligodynamic * does not show selective toxicity
hEAVY mETALS
37
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL - used to treat syphilis
Mercury
38
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL * combined with antibiotics * coating in medical supplies
Silver
39
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL used to control algal growth
Copper
40
TYPE OF HEAVY METAL MOA: membrane disruption oxidation
Metal-based nanoparticles
41
MOA: physical removal of microorganisms
SURFACTANTS