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MICROBIOLOGY > CH 4 Lecture > Flashcards

CH 4 Lecture Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the complete destruction of all microorganisms?

A

STERILIZATION

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2
Q

What process kills, inhibits, and removes PATHOGENIC microorganisms?

A

DISINFECTION

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3
Q

Inanimate objects that carry microorganisms

A

FOMITES

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4
Q

Reduction of microbial population to levels considered safe by public health standards

A

SANITIZATION

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5
Q

Process of preventing infections in living tissues using CHEMICALS

A

ANTISEPSIS

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6
Q

Agents that carry out ANTISEPSIS to use against MICROORGANISMS only and not cause tissue damage

A

ANTISEPTICS

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7
Q

Mechanical + Chemical REMOVAL off germs on human body tissues

A

DEGERMING

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8
Q

2 types of HEAT application

A

MOIST heat and DRY heat

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9
Q

MOIST HEAT

  • denatures ____ and other ____ components
  • more effective in ____ cells
A

proteins
cellular
penetrating

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10
Q

DRY HEAT

  • i____ or burning to ASHES
  • 2 types: DIRECT FLAME and HOT AIR
A

incineration

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11
Q

TYPES of moist heat
1. use of autoclave and pressure cooker
2. sterility is not achieved
3. kill pathogens and reduce the number spoilage microorganisms
4. intermittent or fractional sterilization
5. kills vegetative cells and eukaryotic spores
6. heated to 100 C for 15-30 mins for 3 consecutive days (overnight INCUBATION @ 37 degrees in between)

A
  1. Steam under pressure
  2. Boiling
  3. Pasteurization
  4. Tyndallization
  5. Boiling
  6. Tydallization
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12
Q

under STEAM UNDER PRESSURE, what are the 2 indicators to ensure STERILITY?

A

AUTOCLAVE TAPE

GEOBACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS SPORES

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13
Q

Basis of PASTEURIZATION?

A

Coxiella burnettii

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14
Q

3 types of PASTUERIZATION

A

LTLT - 63 C, 30 mins
HTST - 72 C, 15 mins
UHT - 135-140 C, 1-2 secs

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15
Q

decreased enzyme activity = decrease in
metabolic activity

A

LOW TEMPERATURE

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16
Q

exclusion of microorganisms AT 0.2 MICRO for heat sensitive solutions

A

FILTRATION

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17
Q

What kind of filtration filters 0.3 MICRO METERS organisms

A

High-efficiency particulate air filters

18
Q

Process of lowering water activity

A

MICROBIOSTASIS

19
Q

What process performs MICROBIOSTASIS

A

Dessiccation

20
Q

2 TYPES of dessiccation

A
  1. Drying
  2. Lyophilization (Freeze Drying — rapid freeze then sublimation)
21
Q

Causes osmotic shock

A

Addition of solutes (salt and sugar)

22
Q

radiation that breaks into DNA and used for materials that CANNOT be autoclabed

A

IONIZING RADIATION

23
Q

radiation that forms THYMINE DIMERS and only DISINFECTS SURFACE level due to poor penetrating power

A

NON-IONIZING RADIATION

24
Q

radiation that causes both THYMINE DIMERS and OXIDATION

A

Sunlight radiation (UV and visible light)

25
Q

natural or synthetic chemicals used to destroy and inhibit microorganisms

A

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

26
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

  • means kill
A

-CIDAL

27
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

  • mean stop
A

-STATIC

28
Q

PHENOL vs PHENOLICS

A

Phenol
- benzene ring with -OH

PHENOLICS
- more stable compounds with phenol

29
Q

WHAT TYPE OF PHENOL/PHENOLICS

membrane disruption and
proteins denaturation

A
  • THYMOL
  • eucalyptol
  • cresols
30
Q

WHAT TYPE OF PHENOL/PHENOLICS

inhibition of fatty acid- biosynthesis pathway AND banned the by US FDA in September 2016

A

TRICLOSAN

31
Q

protein denaturation

most effective at 70%
concentration

A

alcohol

32
Q

MOA: oxidation of cellular components

A

HALOGENS (GRP 7A)

33
Q

TYPE OF HALOGEN

complexed to form iodophors

A

iodine

34
Q

TYPE OF HALOGEN

examples are: Hypochlorous acid and
sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

A

chlorine

35
Q

TYPE OF HALOGEN

MOA: inference of metabolism (toothpaste)

A

Fluorine/Fluoride (toothpaste)

36
Q

MOA:
* protein denaturation
* Oligodynamic
* does not show selective
toxicity

A

hEAVY mETALS

37
Q

TYPE OF HEAVY METAL

  • used to treat syphilis
A

Mercury

38
Q

TYPE OF HEAVY METAL

  • combined with antibiotics
  • coating in medical supplies
A

Silver

39
Q

TYPE OF HEAVY METAL

used to control algal growth

A

Copper

40
Q

TYPE OF HEAVY METAL

MOA: membrane disruption
oxidation

A

Metal-based nanoparticles

41
Q

MOA: physical removal of
microorganisms

A

SURFACTANTS

MICROBIOLOGY (23 decks)

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