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MICROBIOLOGY > CH 2 Lecture > Flashcards

CH 2 Lecture Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What book?

A

Micrographia

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1
Q

Who made first book about microscopic observations?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

First person to observe bacteria?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

First man to make a light microscope to view MICROBES?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek used to call microorganisms?

A

Animalcules

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5
Q

Who created the compound microscope?

A

Galileo Galilei

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6
Q

Who perfected the optical objective lens?

A

Joseph Jackson Lister

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7
Q

What year was electron microscope discovered?

A

1940

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8
Q

2 MAIN TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE?

A
  1. Simple (1 lens, short focal length, ~300x)
  2. Compound or Complex (2 set of lenses, ~1000x)
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9
Q

2 MAIN TYPES of ELECTRON MICROSCOPES

A
  1. Scanning (electron beam moves back and forth)
  2. Transmission (electron beam penetrates the cell)
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10
Q

4 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD MICROSCOPE

  1. Adequate m___ p___
  2. High r____ p____
  3. Provide good c___
  4. Serves your p___
A
  1. magnifying power
  2. resolving power
  3. contrast
  4. purpose
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11
Q

OTHER types of LIGHT microscope

  1. Used for thick biofilms
  2. Use fluorochromes, chemical
  3. Used for specimens that cannot be stained
    4 Used for detailed examination of INTERNAL STRUCTURE
    5 visualizes specimens that fluoresce
    6 Detection of immunological reactions
    7 Used to examine living cells
    8 Based on variations of REFRACTIVE INDICES but with diffraction halo
    9 Based on variations of REFRACTIVE INDICES but with NO diffraction halo
    10 Object is dark, bg is light
    11 Bg is dark, object is light
    12 Used for specimens invisible in ordinary light
A
  1. Confocal
  2. Fluorescence
  3. Dark Field
  4. Phase contrast
  5. Fluorescence
  6. Fluorescence
  7. Two-photon
  8. Phase contrast
  9. DIFFERENTIAL
    INTERFERENCE CONTRAST
    10 Bright Field
    11 Dark Field
  10. Dark Field
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12
Q

Can the electron microscope be used to observe living organisms?

A

no

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13
Q

TRANSMISSION VS SCANNING ELECTRON MICRSCOPE

A

transmission
- observer ultrastructure
- viruses

scanning
- only surface features
- 3d

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14
Q

ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of examining living microogranisms

A

Ad:
- undistorted characteristics
- celullar processes
- motility
simple to prepare

Disad: refractive index similar to water (difficult to observe)

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15
Q

2 Techniques to observe LIVING ORGANISMS

A
  1. Wet mount
  2. Hanging Drop
16
Q

ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of stained preparations

A

Ad:
- provide contrast
- preserved
- killed

Disad
- more complicated to prepare
- more expensive

17
Q

1st step of staining microorganisms (DEFINITION of smear)

A

SMEAR PREPARATION
- THIN and DRY film of microorganisms left to DRY

18
Q

2nd step of staining microorganisms ( 2 types )

A

FIXATION - kills cells and makes them sticky to increase apparent diameters

  1. Heat (direct flame)
  2. Chemical (alcohol) to preserve properties as much as possible
19
Q

3rd step of staining microorganisms

A

STAINING
-application of biological dyes

DYE - chromophric ions

20
Q

3 TYPES OF STAINS

A
  1. BASIC (positively charged dye) - mostly used
  2. ACIDIC (negative)
  3. Neutral
21
Q

What staining procedure uses only ONE DYE

A

SIMPLE STAINING

22
Q

What SIMPLE staining procedure use a dye with the same colour of the cells?

A

POSITIVE/direct

23
Q

Why is ^^ called positive?

A
  • cells are usually negatively charged kaya didikit sya to enhance the appearance of cells for observation
24
Q

What SIMPLE staining procedure makes the cell colorless or luminous?

A

Negative/indirect

25
Q

How to perform NEGATIVE SIMPLE STAINING PROCEDURE

A

parang ung mga nasa tiktok na dugo

26
Q

What staining procedure USES 2 OR more dyes?

A

DIFFERENTIAL STAINING

27
Q

One of the most commonly used differential staining?

A

GRAM staining

28
Q
A

MICROBIOLOGY (23 decks)

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