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MICROBIOLOGY > CH 12 > Flashcards

CH 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

4 primary groups under protists

A
  1. SAR
  2. Excavata
  3. Amoebozoa
  4. Opisthokonta
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2
Q

3 ancestral groups of protists that form a large phylogenetic cluster known as SAR

A

Stramenopiles, Alveolata, and Rhizaria

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3
Q

SAR was a result of?

A

Secondary endosymbiosis (eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic cell)

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4
Q

Type of protists under EXCAVATA

A

anaerobic heterotrophic protists w/ phototrophy from secondary endosymbiosis

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5
Q

Types of protists under AMOEBOZOA (2)

A

amoebae and slime molds

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6
Q

4 general characteristics of protists

A
  1. eukaryotic
  2. heterotrophic
  3. unicellular - colonial - multicellular
  4. motile
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7
Q

Are all protists heterotrophic and motile?

A

No, but most of them are

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8
Q

How do protists obtain food?

A

Through endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)

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9
Q

Phagocytosis vs Pinocytosis

A

Phagocytosis - “eating” VISIBLE particles

Pinocytosis - “drinking” DISSOLVED particles

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10
Q

Are protists free-living or symbiotic?

A

both

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11
Q

2 bullets under free-living

2 bullets under symbiotic

A

Free-living
* Aquatic (marine, freshwater)
* terrestrial

Symbiotic
* parasitic
* mutualistic

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12
Q

3 forms of protists

A
  1. Trophozoite
  2. Cyst
  3. Flagellate
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13
Q

TYPES OF FORMS OF PROTISTS

vegetative form

A

trophozoite

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14
Q

TYPES OF FORMS OF PROTISTS

metabolically active invasive stage

A

trophozoite

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15
Q

TYPES OF FORMS OF PROTISTS

dormant yet infectious stage

A

cyst

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16
Q

3 FUNCTIONS of cyst

A
  1. protection against adverse conditions
  2. site for nuclear reorganization and cell division
  3. means of transfer between hosts
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17
Q

specific type of protist that can exhibit ALL 3 FORMS

A

Naegleria fowleri (brain-eating amoeba)

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18
Q

3 main parts/organelles that make up protist cells

A
  1. Pellicle - proteins inside cell membrane for cell rigidity
  2. Stigma - phototaxis
  3. Chloroplast - photosynthesis
19
Q

ECTOPLASM vs ENDOPLASM

A

ECTOPLASM : semisolid and gelatinous cytoplasm for rigidity

ENDOPLASM - area inside ectoplasm that contains most of the the organelles

20
Q

2 types of nuclei found in protists

A

macronucleus and micronucleus

21
Q

TYPES OF NUCLEI

regulates somatic functions

A

macronucleus

22
Q

TYPES OF NUCLEI

functions in sexual reproduction

regeneration of macronucleus

A

micronucleus

23
Q

How does the macronucleus regulate somatic functions

A

by directing protein synthesis

24
Q

4 types of somatic functions regulated by the macronucleus

A
  1. locomotion
  2. osmoregulation
  3. cell regeneration
  4. feeding
25
Q

2 types of vacuoles found in protists

A

food vacuole
- sites of food digestion
- fuses with lysosomes

contractile vacuole
- for excretion, osmo-regulation and water balance

26
Q

3 locomotory organelles

A

pseudopodia (false feet)
- blunt lobe-like extensions of the cytoplasm

flagella
- thin, long whip-like projections arising from the surface of the cell

cilia
- similar to but shorter and more numerous than flagella

27
Q

2 types of SHELL composition of different protists

A
  1. calcium carbonate (foraminiferans)
  2. silica (radiolarians & diatoms)
28
Q

2 types of nutrition

A
  1. Holozoic (phagocytosis)
  2. Saprozoic (pinocytosis; diffusion; carrier mediated transport)
29
Q

What type of sexual reproduction do protists undergo?

A

Conjugation - exchange of genetic material

30
Q

3 types of asexual reproduction that protists undergo

A
  1. fission
  2. budding
  3. schizogony
31
Q

3 types of binary fission that protists undergo

A
  1. Irregular simple binary fission
  2. Transverse binary fission
  3. Longitudinal binary fission
32
Q

STEPS in SIMPLE BINARY FISSION (5)

A
  1. No plane of division observed
  2. Contractile vacuole disappears
  3. Nucleoli disintegrates
  4. Nucleolus divides mitotically
  5. Constricts and divides to form 2 daughter cells
33
Q

STEPS in TRANSVERSE BINARY FISSION (5)

A
  1. Plane of division occurs along the TRANSVERSE AXIS
  2. Macronucleus divides by amitosis & Micronucleus divides by mitosis
  3. Oral groove disappearing with 2 new forming at either ends
  4. 2 Contractile vacuoles form
  5. 2 daughter cells form
34
Q

STEPS in LONGITUDINAL BINARY FISSION

A
  1. Division occurs at longitudinal axis
  2. Nucleus and cytoplasm also divides longitudinally
  3. Flagellum is usually retained by one daughter cell
35
Q

1 example of PROTISTS per EACH TYPE of binary fission

A

IRREGULAR SIMPLE BINARY FISSION - Amoeba
TRANSVERSE BINARY FISSION - Paramecium
LONGITUDINAL BINARY FISSION - Euglena

36
Q

TYPE OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

cell divides unevenly

A

budding

37
Q

TYPE OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

nucleus divides multiple times before the rest of the cell divides

A

schizogony (multiple fission)

38
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF PROTISTS

causes giardiasis (waterborne diarrheal diseases)

A

Diplomonads - Giardia intestinalis

39
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF PROTISTS

causes leismaniasis

A

Kinetoplastids - Leismania

40
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF PROTISTS

causes balantidiasis

A

Ciliates - Balantidium coli

41
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF PROTISTS

causes paralytic shellfish poisoning and red tide

A

Dinoflagellates - Gonyaulax

42
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF PROTISTS

causes malaria

A

Apicomplexans - Plasmodium

43
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF PROTISTS

causes toxoplasmosis

A

Apicomplexans - Toxoplasma

44
Q

4 characteristics of oomycetes (classification of protist)

A
  • water molds
  • cellulosic cell wall
  • flagellated cells
  • plant pathogens

MICROBIOLOGY (30 decks)

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