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MICROBIOLOGY > CH 7 > Flashcards

CH 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is microbial growth measured in:

  1. multicellular organisms
  2. unicellular organisms
A
  1. size and mass
  2. number and mass
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1
Q

WHAT temperature classification are the ff:

  1. Humans
  2. Food
A
  1. mesophile
  2. psycrophile
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2
Q

Where are psychrotrophs located?

and what environment do they thrive in?

A

Middle of psychrophile and mesophile

prefer cold but can withstand hot

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3
Q

WATER ACTIVITY - ORGANISMS (7)

1.000 Pure Water - ____ & ____
___ Human Blood - Streptococcus, Escherichia
0.980 _______ - ______
_______ Bread - Gram Positive Rods
0.800 Fruit Cake - ______
______ Salted Fish - _____ & _____
0.700 Candy, Dried Fruit - +_____

A
  1. Spirillum, Caulobacter
  2. 0.995
  3. Seawater - Pseudomonas, Vibrio
  4. 0.950
  5. Penicillum
  6. 0.750 - Halobacterium, Halococcus
  7. Xeromyces bisporus
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4
Q

PH - ORGANISMS (5)

7
5
3
1
9

A

7 - Escherichia coli
5 - Rhodophila globiformis
3 - Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
1 - Picrophilus oshimae
9 - Bacillus firmus

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5
Q

PHASES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

adaption phase that occurs upon initial transfer

A

Lag Phase

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6
Q

PHASES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

no immediate increase in cell mass/number

A

Lag Phase

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7
Q

PHASES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

synthesis of protoplasm

A

Lag Phase

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8
Q

PHASES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

cells are dividing at a constant rate

A

Exponential Phase

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9
Q

PHASES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

growth rate is at its maximum

A

Exponential Phase

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10
Q

PHASES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

cells are mostly uniform

A

Exponential Phase

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11
Q

PHASES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

growth rate decreases due to exhaustion of nutrients and accumulation of waste products

A

Stationary Phase

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12
Q

PHASES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

stable population size

A

Stationary Phase

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13
Q

PHASES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH

decline in cells

A

Death Phase

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14
Q

Reproduction of:

  1. Multicellular microbes
  2. Unicellular microbes
A
  1. Spores
  2. Binary Fission
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15
Q

What replicates before binary fission

A

plasmid

16
Q

FORMULA

no. of generations

A

n = (log N2 - log N1) / 0.301

N2 = # of cells at final time
N1 = # of cells at initial time

17
Q

FORMULA

growth rate

A

µ = n/t

18
Q

FORMULA

generation time

A

g = 1/µ or t/n

19
Q

3 measurements of growth

A

Standard Plate Count
Direct Count (Breed Count)
Turbidimetric Method

20
Q

3 types of standard plate count

A

serial dilution
pour plate
spread plate

21
Q

Valid ranges of Mold and Bacteria

A

Mold: 10-150 colonies/plate
Bacteria: 25-250 colonies/plate

22
Q

CFU/ml formula

A

[(ave number of colonies)(df)]/
volume plated

22
Q

Direct Count formula

A

bacteria/ml =

[(ave number of microorganisms)(# mcscpc fields in 1cm^2) (DF)] / VOLUME SAMPLE

mcscpc fields in 1cm^2 = 1/area of field of vision

22
Q

area of OIO

A

1.77 x 10^-4 cm2

22
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

most frequently used method

A

standard plate count

22
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

reported as colony forming unit

A

standard plate count

23
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

can determine # of living cells

A

standard plate count

24
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

underestimation of cell population

A

standard plate count

24
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

heat sensitive microorganisms cant form colonies

A

standard plate count (pour plate)

25
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

both viable and non-viable cells are counted

A

direct (breed) count

26
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

overestimation

A

direct (breed) count

27
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

uses Petroff-Hausser counting chamber microscope

A

direct (breed) count

28
Q

What 2 microorganisms use DIRECT COUNT

A

cocci and S. agalactia

29
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

indirectly measures cell mass through turbidity

A

turbidimetric method

30
Q

TYPE OF GROWTH MEASUREMENT

a spectrophotometer

A

turbidimetric method

MICROBIOLOGY (23 decks)

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