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MICROBIOLOGY > Exercise 1 > Flashcards

Exercise 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 categories of microscopes and DIFFERENCES (l and e)

A
  1. LIGHT
    - light waves and lenses
  2. ELECTRON
    - electron beams and magnetic fields
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2
Q

2 types of microscope (s and c)

S
- ____ focal length
- up to _____x size

C
- how many lenses and what are these called

A

SIMPLE
-short
-300

COMPOUND
- 2: objective & ocular

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3
Q

Size of an organism considered as micro

A

<1 mm

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4
Q

2 themes of microbiology

A
  1. Basic biological sciences
  2. Applied biological sciences
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5
Q

Smallest and Largest microbe (prokaryote)

A
  1. circovirus (20nm)
  2. Epulopiscium fishelsoni (700 um)
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6
Q

Smallest microbial eukaryote

A

nanoflagellates (2 um)

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7
Q

What is the causative agent of COVID 19 and its size

A

SARS-CoV-2 virion (50-200nm)

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8
Q

5 major groups of organisms studied in microbiology

A
  1. bacteria
  2. algae
  3. fungi
  4. protozoa
  5. virus
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9
Q

first person to observe living microorganisms and when

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1675

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10
Q

Origin of the word “microscope”

A

Mikros - small
Skopein - to watch/see

GREEK

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11
Q

Who and when was the first microscope developed

A

1590

Hans and Zacharias Jansen

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12
Q

Who observed cork cells first and when

A

1667

Robert Hooke

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13
Q

Linear Magnification vs Total magnification

A

LM = Objective lens only

TM = occular vs objective

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14
Q

Optical Magnification (and other name) VS Magnification

A

OM (or actual magi) = apparent size/actual size

MAGNI = process of making an object appear larger

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15
Q

OBJECTIVES FEATURE

distance from the CENTER OF THE LENS to the POINT where the light rays meet after reflection/refraction

A

Focal Point

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16
Q

Relationship of Focal point with Magnification

and value for each objective lens

A

Inverse

LPO = 16 mm
HPO = 4 mm
OIO = 1.8 mm

17
Q

Limit of resolution of a human eye

and a microscope

A

0.1 mm

0.1um

18
Q

formula for LIMIT of RESOLUTION

A

d = 0.5λ / nsinθ

19
Q

OBJECTIVE FEATURE

measure of the resolving power of an objective

A

numerical aperture

20
Q

relationship of numerical aperture with MAGNIFICATION and FOCAL LENGTH

and values

A

M=Direct
FL=Inverse

0.25
0.65
1.25

21
Q

LENGTHS of one small and big division of SM

A

SM
0.01 mm or 10 um
0.1 mm or 100 um

22
Q

Formula for Calibration Factor

A

(SMD/OMD) x 0.01 mm

23
Q

Formula for specimen size measurement

A

CF x OM divisions

24
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

used for to study GROSS MORPHOLOGY

A

Bright Field

25
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

used to study specimens invisible in ordinary microscope light

A

dark field

26
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

used for specimens that cannot be stain or are distorted by stains

A

dark field

27
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

does not need to fix or stain cells

A

phase contrast

28
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

used to study detailed examination of internal structure

A

phase contrast

29
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

like phase contrast but no diffraction halo

A

differential interference contrast

30
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

shows a 3D appearance of specimen that may not represent reality

A

differential interference contrast

31
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

uses a specific photoreactive chemical that absorbs light energy (and what is this?)

A

fluorescence (fluorochromes)

32
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

used to detect immunological reactions

A

fluorescence

33
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

used for thick specimens like BIOFILMS

A

confocal

34
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

used to visualize structures

A

confocal

35
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

used for examining living cells within intact tissues

A

two-photon

36
Q

TYPES of LIGHT MICROSCOPE

limited to advance research labs

A

two-photon

37
Q

Working distance per each objective lens

A

LPO : 4-8 mm
HPO - 0.5-0.7 mm
OIO - 0.1 mm

MICROBIOLOGY (30 decks)

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