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MICROBIOLOGY > CH 10 > Flashcards

CH 10 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Classifications of Fungi

A

Yeast, Molds, Mushrooms

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2
Q

3 fungus-like organisms

A

mycota (true fungi)
straminipila
slime molds

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3
Q

Fungi with flagella (2)

A

chytridiomycota

zygomycota

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4
Q

What are Microsporidia

A

unicellular fungi that are obligate intracellular parasites

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5
Q

5 types of fungi and their distinguishing features

A
  1. Chytridiomycota (motile spores w flagella)
  2. Zygomycota (resistant spores during sexual stage)
  3. Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizae)
  4. Asomycota (spores in sacs – ASCI)
  5. Basidiomycota (fruiting body – BASIDIOCARP)
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6
Q

What type of fungi is one of the early-branching lineage of Eukarya

A

Microsporidia

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7
Q

Example of a human pathogen from MICROSCPORIDIA

A

Enterocystozoan bieneusi

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8
Q

General Characteristics of a Fungi (5)

A
  1. Eukaryotic
  2. Filamentous and unicellular)
  3. All are chemoheterotrophic
  4. Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
  5. Contains a rigid wall (chitin) that is 80-90% polysaccharide
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9
Q

microscopic, filamentous structures that make up the body of multicellular fungi w apical growth

A

Hyphae

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10
Q

Mass of Hyphae

A

Mycelium

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11
Q

Are all fungi achlorophyllous?

A

no chlorophyll

yes

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12
Q

Are all fungi saprophytic?

A

lives off decaying matter

yes

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13
Q

body/soma of fungi

A

Thallus

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14
Q

2 types of Hyphae based on septation

A

Septate - w/ crosswalks/septa along hypha
Aseptate - or COENOCYTIC (lacks septa)

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15
Q

4 types of Hyphae based on function

A
  1. Vegetative
  2. Aerial
  3. Reproductive
  4. Mycelium
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16
Q

Types of Hyphae based on function

penetrates medium and absorbs food

A

Vegetative

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17
Q

Types of Hyphae based on function

above surface of media

A

Aerial

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18
Q

Types of Hyphae based on function

carry spores

A

Reproductive

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19
Q

Types of Hyphae based on function

collection of hyphae

A

mycelium

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20
Q

4 addition structures of Hyphae

A
  1. Haustoria
  2. Rhizoids
  3. Stolon
  4. Ring
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21
Q

Additional structure of Hyphae

outgrowth of somatic hypha in parasitic fungi

A

Haustoria

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22
Q

Additional structure of Hyphae

root-like structures

A

rhizoids

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23
Q

Additional structure of Hyphae

hypha that connects two rhizoids

A

stolon

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24
Q

Additional structure of Hyphae

formed by nematode-trapping fungi for killing preys

A

ring

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25
Nutrition of Fungi (3)
chemoheterotrophic Phagocytic Saprophytic (feeds on decaying matter)
26
4 processes in Saprophytes
1. Feed on decaying organic matter 2. Hyphal tips release enzymes 3. Enzymes breakdown substrate 4. Products absorb back into hyphae
27
Growth Requirements in terms of : C source (2) N source (2) Temp (2 interval) pH
glucose or maltose organic and inorganic most @ 0-35 C, but optimal @ 38-39 C 6
28
association between fungi (______) and algae/cyanobacteria (______)
mycobiont photobiont Lichens
29
symbiotic relationship that are used as biomonitors of atmospheric quality
Lichens
30
association between plant roots and fungi
mycorrhizae
31
3 types of Lichens
1. Apothecium (Sexual; disc-shaped structures) 2. Soredia (Asexual) 3. Isidia (finger-like)
32
3 growth forms of lichens
1. Crustose (crusty) 2. Foliose (leafy) 3. Fruticose (branched leaves)
33
Uses of Lichens (4)
1. Food 2. Lichenometry (age determination of rocks) 3. Biodegradation (degrade polyester resins and accumulate lead and copper) 4. Production of dyes, pH indicator, antibiotics
34
Importance of USNIC ACID
A bioactive compound mainly found as a secondary metabolite in lichens that suppress tuberculosis
35
4 methods of asexual reproduction
1. Fragmentation 2. Fission 3. Budding 4. Asexual Spores
36
Frequency of: 1. Asexual Reproduction 2. Sexual Reproduction
1. Several times during the season 2. Once a year
37
Methods of asexual reproduction hyphae break up into component cells
fragmentation
38
what do you call the cells that are broken down hyphae as a result of fragmentation
arthrospores
39
Methods of asexual reproduction splitting of a cell into 2 daughter cells by constriction
fission
40
Methods of asexual reproduction production of small outgrowth from parent cell
budding
41
Methods of asexual reproduction most common method
asexual spore formation
42
3 major types of asexual spores
1. Sporangiospore (born within a sporangium) 2. Conidiospore (exogenous) 3. Blastospore (budding spore)
43
2 types of Sporangiospore
Zoospore (w flagella) Aplanospores (nonmotile)
44
2 types of asexual spores based on spore development
1. Thallic 2. Blastic
45
Types of asexual spores based on spore development developed by septation and fragmentation
Thallic
46
Types of asexual spores based on spore development found at tip of hypha and intercalary
Thallic
47
What do you call thallic at tip of 1. hyphae 2. intercalary
1. arthrospores 2. chlamydospores
48
Types of asexual spores based on spore development developed by budding and swelling
Blastic
49
Types of asexual spores based on spore development single spores or chain of spores
Blastic
50
2 types of blastic
blastospores & phialospores
51
3 phases of sexual reproduction
1. Plasmogamy (union of protoplasts) 2. Karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) 3. Meiosis (reduces chromosomes to haploid)
52
What should fungi associate with to survive
algae
53
Examples of sexual reproduction gametes of complementary mating types
Planogametic copulation
54
Examples of sexual reproduction Gametangia come in contact but do not fuse. Transfer of gametes happen thru fertilization tube
Gametangial contact
55
Examples of sexual reproduction Gametangia fuse and give rise to zygote that develops into ZYGOSPORE
Gametangial copulation
56
Examples of sexual reproduction fusion of somatic cells during plasmogamy
Somatogamy
57
Examples of sexual reproduction fusion of hyphal tips of two complementary mating
spermatization
58
Industrial Importance of Fungi (3)
wine, bear, cheese drugs (cortisone and argometeine) antibiotics
59
Food Importance of Fungi (3)
mushrooms tempeh soy sauce
60
Soil Importance of Fungi (1)
recycles important chemical elements in soil
61
What do you call HUMAN FUNGAL DISEASES
Mycoses
62
5 groups of mycoses acc to LEVEL OF ENTRY
1. Superficial 2. Cutaneous 3. Subcutaneous 4. Systemic 5. Opportunistic
63
TYPE OF MYCOES fungal infections that affect the skin, hair, and nails
Superficial
64
2 examples of Superficial Mycoses
Piedras - hair shaft Tinea versicolor - skin
65
TYPE OF MYCOES superficial mycoses that are worse and causes inflammation
cutaneous
66
Cutaneous vs Superficial Mycoses
S is milder and hardly noticeable
67
3 examples of Cutaneous Mycoses
1. Tinea barbae - lower face 2. Tinea pedis - athlete's foot between the toes 3. Tinea corporis - ring worm
68
What specific fungi causes Tinea Corporis?
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
69
TYPE OF MYCOES affecting the subcutaneous tissues wherein the infection entered the host through open wounds
Subcutaneous
70
3 examples of subcutaneous mycoses
1. Sporotrichosis 2. Chromomycosis 3. Mycetoma
71
TYPE OF MYCOES affecting the internal body and can spread throughout. (enters thru inhalation of spores)
systemic
72
3 examples of systemic mycoses
1. Cryptococcosis 2. Histoplasmosis 3. Coccidioidomycosis
73
TYPE OF MYCOES affects people with weakened immune systems
opportunistic
74
2 examples of opportunistic mycoses
Candidiasis Aspergillosis

MICROBIOLOGY (30 decks)

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