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MICROBIOLOGY > CH 10 > Flashcards

CH 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 Classifications of Fungi

A

Yeast, Molds, Mushrooms

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2
Q

3 fungus-like organisms

A

mycota (true fungi)
straminipila
slime molds

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3
Q

Fungi with flagella (2)

A

chytridiomycota

zygomycota

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4
Q

What are Microsporidia

A

unicellular fungi that are obligate intracellular parasites

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5
Q

5 types of fungi and their distinguishing features

A
  1. Chytridiomycota (motile spores w flagella)
  2. Zygomycota (resistant spores during sexual stage)
  3. Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizae)
  4. Asomycota (spores in sacs – ASCI)
  5. Basidiomycota (fruiting body – BASIDIOCARP)
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6
Q

What type of fungi is one of the early-branching lineage of Eukarya

A

Microsporidia

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7
Q

Example of a human pathogen from MICROSCPORIDIA

A

Enterocystozoan bieneusi

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8
Q

General Characteristics of a Fungi (5)

A
  1. Eukaryotic
  2. Filamentous and unicellular)
  3. All are chemoheterotrophic
  4. Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
  5. Contains a rigid wall (chitin) that is 80-90% polysaccharide
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9
Q

microscopic, filamentous structures that make up the body of multicellular fungi w apical growth

A

Hyphae

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10
Q

Mass of Hyphae

A

Mycelium

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11
Q

Are all fungi achlorophyllous?

A

no chlorophyll

yes

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12
Q

Are all fungi saprophytic?

A

lives off decaying matter

yes

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13
Q

body/soma of fungi

A

Thallus

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14
Q

2 types of Hyphae based on septation

A

Septate - w/ crosswalks/septa along hypha
Aseptate - or COENOCYTIC (lacks septa)

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15
Q

4 types of Hyphae based on function

A
  1. Vegetative
  2. Aerial
  3. Reproductive
  4. Mycelium
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16
Q

Types of Hyphae based on function

penetrates medium and absorbs food

A

Vegetative

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17
Q

Types of Hyphae based on function

above surface of media

A

Aerial

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18
Q

Types of Hyphae based on function

carry spores

A

Reproductive

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19
Q

Types of Hyphae based on function

collection of hyphae

A

mycelium

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20
Q

4 addition structures of Hyphae

A
  1. Haustoria
  2. Rhizoids
  3. Stolon
  4. Ring
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21
Q

Additional structure of Hyphae

outgrowth of somatic hypha in parasitic fungi

A

Haustoria

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22
Q

Additional structure of Hyphae

root-like structures

A

rhizoids

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23
Q

Additional structure of Hyphae

hypha that connects two rhizoids

A

stolon

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24
Q

Additional structure of Hyphae

formed by nematode-trapping fungi for killing preys

A

ring

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25
Q

Nutrition of Fungi (3)

A

chemoheterotrophic
Phagocytic
Saprophytic (feeds on decaying matter)

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26
Q

4 processes in Saprophytes

A
  1. Feed on decaying organic matter
  2. Hyphal tips release enzymes
  3. Enzymes breakdown substrate
  4. Products absorb back into hyphae
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27
Q

Growth Requirements in terms of :

C source (2)
N source (2)
Temp (2 interval)
pH

A

glucose or maltose
organic and inorganic
most @ 0-35 C, but optimal @ 38-39 C
6

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28
Q

association between fungi (______) and
algae/cyanobacteria (______)

A

mycobiont
photobiont

Lichens

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29
Q

symbiotic relationship that are used as biomonitors of atmospheric quality

A

Lichens

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30
Q

association between plant roots and fungi

A

mycorrhizae

31
Q

3 types of Lichens

A
  1. Apothecium (Sexual; disc-shaped structures)
  2. Soredia (Asexual)
  3. Isidia (finger-like)
32
Q

3 growth forms of lichens

A
  1. Crustose (crusty)
  2. Foliose (leafy)
  3. Fruticose (branched leaves)
33
Q

Uses of Lichens (4)

A
  1. Food
  2. Lichenometry (age determination of rocks)
  3. Biodegradation (degrade polyester resins and accumulate lead and copper)
  4. Production of dyes, pH indicator, antibiotics
34
Q

Importance of USNIC ACID

A

A bioactive compound mainly found as a
secondary metabolite in lichens that suppress tuberculosis

35
Q

4 methods of asexual reproduction

A
  1. Fragmentation
  2. Fission
  3. Budding
  4. Asexual Spores
36
Q

Frequency of:

  1. Asexual Reproduction
  2. Sexual Reproduction
A
  1. Several times during the season
  2. Once a year
37
Q

Methods of asexual reproduction

hyphae break up into component cells

A

fragmentation

38
Q

what do you call the cells that are broken down hyphae as a result of fragmentation

A

arthrospores

39
Q

Methods of asexual reproduction

splitting of a cell into 2 daughter cells by constriction

A

fission

40
Q

Methods of asexual reproduction

production of small outgrowth from parent cell

A

budding

41
Q

Methods of asexual reproduction

most common method

A

asexual spore formation

42
Q

3 major types of asexual spores

A
  1. Sporangiospore (born within a sporangium)
  2. Conidiospore (exogenous)
  3. Blastospore (budding spore)
43
Q

2 types of Sporangiospore

A

Zoospore (w flagella)
Aplanospores (nonmotile)

44
Q

2 types of asexual spores based on spore development

A
  1. Thallic
  2. Blastic
45
Q

Types of asexual spores based on spore development

developed by septation and fragmentation

A

Thallic

46
Q

Types of asexual spores based on spore development

found at tip of hypha and intercalary

A

Thallic

47
Q

What do you call thallic at tip of
1. hyphae
2. intercalary

A
  1. arthrospores
  2. chlamydospores
48
Q

Types of asexual spores based on spore development

developed by budding and swelling

A

Blastic

49
Q

Types of asexual spores based on spore development

single spores or chain of spores

A

Blastic

50
Q

2 types of blastic

A

blastospores & phialospores

51
Q

3 phases of sexual reproduction

A
  1. Plasmogamy (union of protoplasts)
  2. Karyogamy (fusion of nuclei)
  3. Meiosis (reduces chromosomes to haploid)
52
Q

What should fungi associate with to survive

A

algae

53
Q

Examples of sexual reproduction

gametes of complementary mating types

A

Planogametic copulation

54
Q

Examples of sexual reproduction

Gametangia come in contact but do not fuse. Transfer of gametes happen thru fertilization tube

A

Gametangial contact

55
Q

Examples of sexual reproduction

Gametangia fuse and give rise to zygote that develops into ZYGOSPORE

A

Gametangial copulation

56
Q

Examples of sexual reproduction

fusion of somatic cells during plasmogamy

A

Somatogamy

57
Q

Examples of sexual reproduction

fusion of hyphal tips of two complementary mating

A

spermatization

58
Q

Industrial Importance of Fungi (3)

A

wine, bear, cheese

drugs (cortisone and argometeine)

antibiotics

59
Q

Food Importance of Fungi (3)

A

mushrooms
tempeh
soy sauce

60
Q

Soil Importance of Fungi (1)

A

recycles important chemical elements in soil

61
Q

What do you call HUMAN FUNGAL DISEASES

A

Mycoses

62
Q

5 groups of mycoses acc to LEVEL OF ENTRY

A
  1. Superficial
  2. Cutaneous
  3. Subcutaneous
  4. Systemic
  5. Opportunistic
63
Q

TYPE OF MYCOES

fungal infections that affect the skin, hair, and nails

A

Superficial

64
Q

2 examples of Superficial Mycoses

A

Piedras - hair shaft

Tinea versicolor - skin

65
Q

TYPE OF MYCOES

superficial mycoses that are worse and causes inflammation

A

cutaneous

66
Q

Cutaneous vs Superficial Mycoses

A

S is milder and hardly noticeable

67
Q

3 examples of Cutaneous Mycoses

A
  1. Tinea barbae - lower face
  2. Tinea pedis - athlete’s foot between the toes
  3. Tinea corporis - ring worm
68
Q

What specific fungi causes Tinea Corporis?

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

69
Q

TYPE OF MYCOES

affecting the subcutaneous tissues wherein the infection entered the host through open wounds

A

Subcutaneous

70
Q

3 examples of subcutaneous mycoses

A
  1. Sporotrichosis
  2. Chromomycosis
  3. Mycetoma
71
Q

TYPE OF MYCOES

affecting the internal body and can spread throughout. (enters thru inhalation of spores)

A

systemic

72
Q

3 examples of systemic mycoses

A
  1. Cryptococcosis
  2. Histoplasmosis
  3. Coccidioidomycosis
73
Q

TYPE OF MYCOES

affects people with weakened immune systems

A

opportunistic

74
Q

2 examples of opportunistic mycoses

A

Candidiasis
Aspergillosis

MICROBIOLOGY (30 decks)

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