Evolution types/ natural selection

Question 1

natural selection only gets rid of

Answer 1

things that are BAD. Neutral or useless traits will not be removed

Question 2

for natural selection to take place

Answer 2

Trait must be genetic (not acquired)
Must have more than 1 allele
More individuals born than can live
One allele must result in greater fitness

Question 3

natural selection=

Answer 3

the ONLY mechanism of evolution that leads to adaptation

Question 4

evolutionary adaptation

Answer 4

change gene frequency to better match environment

Question 5

morphological adaptation

Answer 5

physical form

dimorphism (2 body types) and polymorphism (many body types)

Question 6

physiological adaptation

Answer 6

how body functions internally

Question 7

behavioral adaptation

Answer 7

behaviors that are not learned but are instinctual are inherited and can undergo evolution

Question 8

balancing selection

Answer 8

balanced polymorphism (multiple phenotypes)due to heterozygote advantage maintains 2 phenotypes

Question 9

stabilizing selection

Answer 9

selective advantage of Median variation

Question 10

directional selection

Answer 10

selective advantage of one extreme

Question 11

disruptive selection

Answer 11

selective advantage of Both extremes

Question 12

sexual selection

Answer 12

any type of selection that is based on ability to mate

Question 13

sickle cell anemia

Answer 13

point mutation(a 1 base substitution)
result = abnormal hemoglobin that makes RBC sickle in low O2 conditions
sickled cells block capillaries
co-dominant Hbn  and Hbs

Question 14

malaria

Answer 14

Malaria caused by protist Plasmodium an endoparasite of RBC

Question 15

balancing selection sickle cell anemia

Answer 15

Heterozygous condition ( half sickle cell half not) reduces effects of malaria
creates a balanced polymorphism, between 2 alleles

Question 16

frequency dependant selection

Answer 16

May also create balanced polymorphism (balancing selection)
ex scale eating fish (eat left, right, left..)
side blotched lizard(rock paper scissors)

Question 17

stabilizing selection ex

Answer 17

human babies low birth weight= more complications
high birth weight= more complications
medium weight= best chance for survival

Question 18

directional selection example

Answer 18

grant finches, larger beaks after drought
moths for dark colored and light colored population
rock pocket mouse