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Ap Biology > Cell parts > Flashcards

Cell parts Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the structure for vacuole

A

membrane full of water and molecules or food

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2
Q

What is the macromolecules for vacuole

A

phospholipids

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3
Q

What is the function for lysosome

A

digest food/break down old organelles and macromolecules (hydrolysis)

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4
Q

What is the structure of lysosome

A

membrane bubble full of enzymes

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5
Q

What is the macromolecules for lysosome

A

phospholipids, proteins (enzymes)

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6
Q

What is the Peroxisome similar to

A

lysosome

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7
Q

What is a peroxisome

A

single membrane surrounding enzymes that break down molecules by oxidizing them, which forms H2O2

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8
Q

Why is peroxide broken down

A

because it is toxic so it is broken into water

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9
Q

What is the golgi body function

A

modifies sugars and lipids on proteins
makes complex carbohydrates
package for secretion

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10
Q

What is the structure for the golgi body

A

flat membrane pockets, cisternae, filled with enzymes

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11
Q

what is macromolecules for golgi body

A

phospholipids, proteins

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12
Q

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum function

A

fold and transport proteins, add carbs to glycoproteins, produces membrane (makes phospholipids and embedded proteins).

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13
Q

What is the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

tunnels made of lots of enzymes ribosomes

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14
Q

What is the macro molecules for the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

phospholipids and proteins

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15
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm

A

everything that happens between cell membrane and nucleus

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16
Q

What is the structure of cytoplasm

A

all organelles between nucleus and cell membrane

all fluid that fills cell= cytosol

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17
Q

What is the macro molecules of cytoplasm

A

all

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19
Q

What is the function of ribosome

A

make proteins

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20
Q

how ribosomes make proteins

A

1) connect amino acids in correct order
2) follow directions from RNA
3) free ribosomes; cytoplasmic proteins
4) bound ribosomes; proteins for secretion, membranes or organelles

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21
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes

A

two subunits
protein subunit
RNA subunit

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22
Q

What is the mitochondrion function

A

cellular respiration

uses oxygen to burn glucose and give cell energy

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22
Q

What is the macro molecules for chloroplasts

A

phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

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23
Q

What is the structure for the mitochondrion

A

oval outer membrane

folded inner membrane (folds called cristae)

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24
Q

What is the macromolecules for the mitochondrion

A

phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

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25
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

physical protection and structural support

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25
Q

What is the vacuole function

A

storage and support plants

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26
Q

What is the structure for chloroplasts

A

oval outer membrane

grana= stacks of disks

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27
Q

What is the structure of the cell wall

A

wall surrounding cell

has holes like windows in a wall

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29
Q

What is the function for chloroplasts

A

photosynthesis

converts solar energy into chemical energy

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30
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis

A

CO2+H2O - Glucose + O2

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31
Q

What is the macro molecules for the cell wall

A

cellulose

33
Q

What is the function for the cell membrane

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell

33
Q

What is the structure of the cell membrane

A

flexible lining just inside cell wall

33
Q

What is the macro molecule for the cell membrane

A

`phospholipids
proteins
Cholesterol

34
Q

cellular respiration formula

A

O2 + glucose- CO2 and energy

36
Q

What is the structure of the nucleus

A

nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
chromosomes
nucleolus

38
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double layer of membrane around nucleus

40
Q

nuclear pores

A

holes in envelope

42
Q

chromosomes

A

DNA inside nucleus

42
Q

nucleolus

A

area full of ribosome parts

42
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

store DNA and direct cell

42
Q

What is the macro molecules for the nucleus

A

phospholipids

proteins, nucleic acids

43
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

transport proteins, detoxify poisions/ drugs, produce triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids

44
Q

What is the structure smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

membrane tunnels full of enzymes

45
Q

What is the macromolecules for smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

phospholipids and proteins

46
Q

What is the function cytoskeleton

A

internal mechanical support

moves organelles vessicles

47
Q

What is the structure for the cytoskeleton

A

framework of microtubules (support) and motor proteins (movement)

48
Q

What is the macro molecules for cytoskeleton

A

protein

49
Q

What is the cytoskeleton elements (animal and plant)

A

microtubules
microfilaments
intermediate filaments

50
Q

What are microtubules

A

largest, hollow tube shape made of tubulin subunits, can be broken down and reassembled in centrosome

51
Q

what do microtubules do

A

form spindles and hold organelles in place

track for motor proteins

52
Q

what are microfilaments

A

thin strands of two chains of actin subunits twisted into helix and they form cell cortex

53
Q

what is the cell cortex

A

mesh of micro filaments at cell membrane give animal cells shape

54
Q

microfilaments are involved in

A

amoeboid movement
muscle cell contraction
endocytosis/exocytosis
plant cytoplasmic streaming

55
Q

what are intermediate filaments

A

medium size
add strength to hair, nails, and dead skin
highly variable used to ID cell types

56
Q

What are motor proteins

A

activated by ATP, changes result in motion, each type varies

57
Q

most common types of motor proteins

A

myosins, actins, dynins, kinesins

58
Q

what are kinesins

A

walk along microtubules dragging cargo

ex; vessicles organelles

59
Q

what are dynins

A

walk along microtubules dragging cargo or bending cilia and flagella

60
Q

what push microtubules past each other

A

motor proteins
kinesin for mitosis
dynein for cilia motion

61
Q

what pushes microfilaments past each other

A

myosin does, to move cell cortex and to contract muscle

62
Q

endomembrane system

A

lacks prokaryotes
distinguished trait of all eukaryotes
membranes all physically connected or exchange phospholipids by vesicle formation or assimilation

63
Q

assimilation

A

budding off or absorbing vesicles

64
Q

What parts are in the endomembrane system

A 
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticlum 
Golgi
Vesicles
Vacuoles
Lysosomes/peroxisomes
Cell membrane
65
Q

What part has the only double layer where both are the same

A

Nucleus

66
Q

What three parts have double layers

A

Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria

67
Q

Free ribosomes are located where

A

Floating in the cytosol

68
Q

Where are bound ribosomes located

A

Attached to ER

69
Q

Who have their own DNA

A

Chloroplasts

Mitochondria

70
Q

What is an example of a lysosomes

A

Peroxisome

71
Q

What is responsible for modification and finishing f touches

A

Golgi body

72
Q

What can proteins have stuck to them

A

Lipids or sugars

73
Q

What is an acronym to remember the parts of the endo system

A 
Never 
Eat 
Green 
Vegetables,
Vegetables
Like 
Celery
74
Q

Microtubules acrynom

A

Tubing- big tubes, hollow in the center, made of tubulin like tubes, you can spin in tubs like spindles, hold you in place like holding organelles in place, and you track down a river in them like tracking down motor proteins. And they can be inflated or deflated like broken down or re assembled

75
Q

Microfilaments acronym

A 
That 
Aaa
Hole
Can 
Actually
Swim
76
Q

Intermediate filament acronym

A

My
Sister is
Very
Ignorant

Ap Biology (33 decks)

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