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Ap Biology > ecology tolerance and succession > Flashcards

ecology tolerance and succession Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

limiting factors

A

factors that restrict the numbers or distribution of organisms

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2
Q

plant limiting factors

A 
phosphorous nitrogen 
water
sunlight 
temperature 
soil (type,amount,pH,salinity)
herbivores
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3
Q

Biome Type Determined by

A

Temperature & Water
determine plants types
Type of plants sets up food chain & shelter so…..
determines types of animals

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4
Q

temp and water based on

A

latitude and altitude

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5
Q

Latitude

A

Farther from equator = colder

Weather patterns based on latitude determine precipitation

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6
Q

Altitude

A

Higher up = colder
Windward side = lots of rain
Leeward side = rain shadow

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7
Q

windward vs rain shadow

A

windward lots of grass and water

rain shadow very dry no trees

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8
Q

Biodiversity

A 
# different species of organism
more diversity = more stable system
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9
Q

Dominant Species

A

Species with the most biomass

Greatly affect other species

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10
Q

Keystone Species

A

removal has major effects

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11
Q

Bottom up model of control

A

amount of energy at bottom of food chain controls number of consumers

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12
Q

Top down model

A

number of predators keep the prey in check.

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13
Q

Biodiversity most affected by

A

Evolutionary History
Evapotranspiration
Latitude

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14
Q

Evolutionary History

A

older ecosystems = more time for speciation
tropical = older…fewer disturbances (glaciers)
tropical = longer growing season = more time

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15
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

combined evaporation from measure of rainfall, solar radiation & temp
more evapotrans = more diversity

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16
Q

what is the number one predictor of biodiversity

A

latitude

17
Q

Invasive Species

A 
Non-native species invade an ecosystem
May have no predators in new ecosystem
Represent a dead-end in the food chain
Out-compete native organisms decreasing 
species diversity
(exotic species if not bad)
18
Q

Pioneer

A

first organisms to move in
New area or
Disturbed area (after fire, plowing)

19
Q

Climax

A

last community to move in
community stays same for long time
very little change
highest species diversity

20
Q

Seres

A

Successive communities that replace each other in ecological succession
Each new sere outcompetes the previous sere
(competitve exclusion)

21
Q

facilitation

A

Each sere changes the environment making it easier for the next sere to move in

22
Q

Primary Succession

A

First organisms to live on that piece of ground
volcanic islands
rock slides
a humans dig a lake

23
Q

Secondary Succession

A

2nd time a community has grown there

1) after forest fire or flood
2) abandoned farmer’s fields
3) vacant lots

24
Q

Traits of pioneer species

primary succession

A

Primary succession

1) very hardy
2) tolerate full sun, drought, little – no soil
3) low species diversity
4) r-selected (tolerate high mortality)
5) poor competitors in less hostile habitat
25
Q

Traits of pioneer species

A

Secondary succession

 1) weeds – good dispersal fast growth
 2) annuals
 3) full sun, drought tolerant
 4) r –selected
 5) poor competitors - oportunistic
26
Q

Seres of secondary

A

Weeds- annuals
Perennial grasses & flowers young shrubs
Shrubs & sun loving trees (pines)
Shade loving trees (deciduous)
seedlings that can grow in shade replace
sun-loving trees as older trees die

27
Q

Very little water

A

succession ends with desert grasses/shrubs or cacti

28
Q

Dry seasons, low precipitation

A

Succ ends with Grass lands/savanna (not enough water for trees

29
Q

Water available long growing season but cold winter

A

deciduous trees

30
Q

Water available but short growing season (cold)

A

evergreen trees (tiaga or boreal forest)

31
Q

Water and warm all year –

A

tropical rain forest

32
Q

wetlands

A 
Reduce flooding
Filter sediment out of water
Filter toxins out of water
Provide nurseries for fish & shellfish
Provide homes for many species 
High species diversity
33
Q

Biological Control

A

Use one organism to control the population of another organism.
Protists: microsporidia to control insects
Fungi:
Bacteria:
Insects:

Ap Biology (33 decks)

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