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CCHM 2 > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

1
Q

is significant to maintain a
stable internal environment, all metabolic processes, and
functions of different organs in the body (maintenance of
homeostasis)

A

Physiologic Regulatory System

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2
Q

Continue ongoing process which
allows body to function as its optimal level

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

2 PHYSIOLOGIC SYSTEM

A

endocrine and nervous

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4
Q

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Release of ___ into the blood stream

A

hormones

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5
Q

nervous SYSTEM
Release of ___ a cross synapse

A

neurotransmitter

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6
Q

endocrine or nervous system

Effect can be on many target
cells spread throughout the body

A

endocrine

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7
Q

endocrine or nervous system

Effect will be restricted to those
target cells actually innervated

A

nervous

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8
Q

endocrine or nervous system

Effect will take place over a
relatively long-time span ranging
from seconds to days

A

endocrine

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9
Q

endocrine or nervous system

Effect will be generated within
milliseconds

A

nervous system

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10
Q

types of glands in endocrine system

A

ENDOCRINE
EXOCRINE

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11
Q

this type of gland is * Ductless glands
* Release hormones

A

endocrine

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12
Q

this type of gland is attached to specific ducts and secretions directly toward the outer surface of the body/internal organs

A

exocrine

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13
Q

this type of gland directly release the analytes and do not go through the circulatory system

A

exocrine

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14
Q

this type of gland is responsible in releasing enzymes, mucous, sweat

A

exocrine

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15
Q

A network of ductless glands that secret hormones directly
into the blood (circulatory system) reaching its target
tissue/organs

A

endocrine system

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16
Q

It is considered to be the regulatory system of the body

A

endocrine system

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17
Q

It is regulated by means of control of hormone synthesis
rather than by degradation

A

endocrine system

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18
Q

An increased in the product also increases the activity of the system and production rate

A

positive feedback

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19
Q

An increased in the product decreases the activity of the
system and the production rate

A

negative feedback

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20
Q

MAJOR GLANDS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

A
  • Pituitary Gland
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Parathyroid Gland
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Pancreas
  • Reproductive Glands (ovaries & testes)
  • Thymus Gland
  • Pineal Gland
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21
Q

Are chemical compounds secreted into the blood circulation
that affect target tissues generally at a site distant from
original production

A

HORMONE

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22
Q

Play an important role in the growth and development of an
organism, and equilibrium homeostasis

A

hormone

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23
Q

secreted in endocrine cells and released into interstitial space between tissues

A

paracrine

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24
Q

binds to specific receptor in adjacent cell and affects its function

A

paracrine

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25
Q

secreted in endocrine cells and sometimes released into interstitial space

A

autocrine

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26
Q

binds to specific receptor on cell of origin resulting to self regulation of its function

A

autocrine

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27
Q

secreted in endocrine cells and remains in
relation to plasma membrane;

A

juxtacrine

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28
Q

acts on immediately adjacent cell by direct cell-to-cell
contact.

A

juxtacrine

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29
Q

– secreted in endocrine cells and released into
lumen of gut;

A

exocrine

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30
Q

secreted in neurons and released into
extracellular space

A

neurocrine

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31
Q

secreted in neurons and released from
nerve endings;

A

neuroendocrine

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32
Q

secreted in the endocrine cells and remained
as well as function inside the synthesis of origin
o Directly affects the function of the origin

A

intracrine

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33
Q

When two or more hormones work together
to produce a particular result. May be complimentary or
additive.

A

synergistic

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34
Q

a type of synergistic effect

▪ The more hormones involve the more effective it
is.
▪ It can stand with its own, but its better to have
another.

A

additive

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35
Q

a type of synergistic effect

A

complimentary

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36
Q

When the action of a second hormone
enhances the responsiveness of a target organ to the
second hormone, or when it increases the activity of the
second hormone

A

permissive

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37
Q

Has initial particular hormone which activity
is increase or enhance once second hormone is presence

A

permissive

38
Q

The actions of one hormone antagonize
the effects of another

A

antagonistic

39
Q

Lactation during pregnancy is inhibited because the
high concentration of estrogen in the blood inhibits the
secretion and action of prolactin.

A

antagonist

40
Q

stimulate growth & activity of other endocrine glands

A

tropic hormones

41
Q

secreted by all endocrine glands & w/ non endocrine cells
as targets

A

effector hormones

42
Q

from hypothalamus & GIT; suppress the secretion of a
particular hormon

A

inhibitory hormones

43
Q

from hypothalamus; promote secretion of Ant. Pituitary
hormones
* promote the release of another co

A

releasing hormones

44
Q

Synthesized and stored within the cell in the form of secretory granules and are cleaved as needed.

A

PEPTIDES & PROTEIN

45
Q

Cannot cross the cell membrane due to their large
molecular size

A

peptides and proteins

46
Q

Water soluble and not bound to carrier protein.

A

peptides and proteins

47
Q

are protein molecules with carbohydrates
molecules

A

Glycoprotein

48
Q

Lipid molecules that have cholesterol as a common
precursor

A

steroids

49
Q

Water insoluble (hydrophobic) and circulate bound to a
carrier protein

A

steroid s

50
Q

Derived from an amino acid and they are intermediary
between steroid and protein hormones

A

amines

51
Q

example of AMINES

A

Melatonin, Serotonin, Thyroid hormones (T3 & T4),
Epinephrine, Norepinephrin

52
Q

Precursor is lipids specifically from Fatty acids
o with 20 carbon atom fatty acid (arachidonic fatty acid),
involved in cellular activity

A

eicosanoids

53
Q

Portion of the brain located in the walls and third floor of the
third ventricle.

A

hypothalamus

54
Q

hypothalamus is Above the pituitary gland and is connected to the

A

INFUNDIBULUM

55
Q

Serve as the link between the nervous system and
endocrine system.

A

INFUNDIBULUM

56
Q

Anterior structure of hypothalamus

A

optic chiasma - role for sight

57
Q

posterior structure of hypothalamus

A

mamillary body - for the development of nervous tissue

58
Q

2 CATEGOGORIES of hypothalamus

A

o RELEASING HORMONES
o INHIBITING HORMONES

59
Q

Inhibits
release of Growth hormone

A

growth Hormone Inhibitory Hormone

60
Q

SOMATOSTATIN inhibits

A

growth hormone

61
Q

– Inhibits release of
Prolactin

A

PIF (Prolactin Inhibiting Factor)

62
Q

inhibitory
neurotransmitter

A

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

63
Q

affected by the level of serotonin,
endorphins, acetylcholine

A

ACTH release

64
Q

stress, inflammation low glucose
level (hypoglycemia)

A

Physiologic stimulus

65
Q

produced by adipose tissue → acts to reduce
appetite and raise energy expenditure as body fat stores
rise

A

leptin

66
Q

Named pineal as it looks like a pine cone Latin term is

A

pinea

67
Q

Attached to midbrain (behind the 3rd cerebral ventricle of
the brain in the midline, in between the 2 cerebral
hemispheres at the back of hypothalamus)

A

pineal gland

68
Q

pineal gland is Also known as

A

conarium or epiphysis cerebri

69
Q

Produces melatonin (hormone derived from tryptophan that
plays a central role on the regulation of circadian rhythm)

A

pineal gland

70
Q

Derived from both Latin and Greek which means “to spit
mucus”

A

PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS)

71
Q

Hypophysis means

A

undergrowth

72
Q

A pea shaped organ

A

PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS)

73
Q

Also known as “Master Gland”
as it has the capability to
regulate other endocrine glands

A

PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS)

74
Q

Located in a small cavity in the sphenoid bone of the skull
called sella turcica or Turkish saddle surrounded by dura
mater

A

PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS)

75
Q
  • Aka. Adenohypophysis
A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

76
Q

The “true endocrine gland” as majority of endocrine
hormones which regulates other endocrine glands are being
released by

A

anterior pituitary

77
Q

Somatotrophs releases

A

growth hormones

78
Q

Lactotrophs releases

A

prolactin

79
Q

Gonadotrophs releases

A

– Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH)

80
Q

corticotrophs releases

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

81
Q

adenohypophysis Composed of three cell types

A

o Chromophobe (50%)
o Acidophilic (40%)
o Basophilic (10%)

82
Q

acts on the nervous system and reduce feelings of
pains

A

endorphins

83
Q

released on a distant tissue or organ affecting the release of another hormone

A

tropic

84
Q

Most abundant of all pituitary hormones

A

GROWTH HORMONE (SOMATOTROPIN)

85
Q

Most abundant of all pituitary hormones

A

growth hormone

86
Q

it is Markedly elevated during sleep (deep sleep)

A

GROWTH HORMONE (SOMATOTROPIN)

87
Q

Reference values (fasting) of growth hormone

A

<7ng/mL

88
Q

primary effect is to
stimulate food intake.

A

ghrelin

89
Q

Also known as “hunger hormone”

A

ghrelin

90
Q
A

CCHM 2 (22 decks)

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