Diseases Conditions Procedures (Urinary) Flashcards

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1
Q

Cystocele

A

Bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina; aka “prolapsed bladder”
[cyst/o=bladder; -cele=hernia, swelling]

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2
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased formation and secretion of urine

[di-=double; ur=urine; -esis=condition]

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3
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract condition, such as cystitis
[dys-=bad, painful, difficult; -uria=urine]

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4
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease

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5
Q

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

Kidney disease that had advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; aka chronic renal failure (CRF)
[ren=kidney; -al =pertaining to]

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6
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established. Aka “night-time bed-wetting” or “nocturnal enuresis”
[en-=in, within; ur=urine; -esis=condition]

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7
Q

Hypospadias

A

Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
[hyp/o=under, below, deficient; -spadials=slit, fissure]

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8
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A

Form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function
[nephr=kidney; -itis=inflammation]

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9
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Formation of calculus in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine (such as calcium and acid salts) solidify
[nephr/o=kidney; lith=stone, calculus; -iasis= abnormal condition]

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10
Q

Renal hypertension

A

High blood pressure that results from kidney disease

[ren=kidney; -al=pertaining to; hyper-= excessive, above normal; -tension; to stretch]

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11
Q

Uremia

A

Elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood; aka “azotemia”
[ur=urine; -emia=blood]

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12
Q

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

Infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by micro organisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream

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13
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5, and include common early signs such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria.

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14
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys’ ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine

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15
Q

Culture & sensitivity (C&S)

A

Laboratory test that isolates and grows colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating an infection

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16
Q

Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

A

Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

17
Q

Pyelography

A

Radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and usually, the bladder after injection of a contrast agent
[pyel/o=renal pelvis; -graphy=process of recording]

18
Q

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract
[intra-=in, within; ven=vein; -ous=pertaining to; pyel/o=renal pelvis; -graphy=process of recording]

19
Q

Retrograde pyelography (RP)

A

Radiographic imaging in which contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detailed visualization of the urinary structures and to locate urinary tract obstruction
[retro-=backward, behind; -grade=to go; pyel/o=renal pelvis; -graphy=process of recording]

20
Q

Renal scan

A

Nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously like that concentrates in the kidney
[ren=kidney; -al= pertaining to]

21
Q

Urinalysis (UA)

A

Physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine

22
Q

Voiding cystourethrography

A

Radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after filling the bladder with a contrast medium
[cyst/o=bladder; urethr/o=urethra; -graphy= process of recording]

23
Q

Catheterization

A

Insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine

24
Q

Cystoscopy (cysto)

A

Insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra to examine the urinary bladder, obtain biopsy specimens of tumors or other growths, and remove polyps
[cyst/o=bladder; -scopy=visual examination]

25
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Method of removing stones by crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in the urine
[lith/o=stone, calculus; -tripsy=crushing]

26
Q

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

Use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney
[extra=outside; corpor=body; -eal=pertaining to; lith/o=stone, calculus; -tripsy=crushing]

27
Q

Nephrolithotomy

A

Surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus
[nephr/o=kidney; lith/o=stone, calculus; -tomy=incision]

28
Q

Renal transplantation

A

Organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; aka “kidney transplantation”
[ren=kidney; -al=pertaining to]

29
Q

Urethral stent

A

Insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
[ureter=ureter; -al=pertaining to]

30
Q

Azoturia

A

Increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine
[azot= nitrogenous compounds; -uria=urine]

31
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Excessive accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction of a ureter. Because urine is blocked, it flows backward (reflexes) into the renal pelvis and calyces. Main cause of urinary tract obstruction leading to hydro nephrotic is a stone or stricture. Others include tumor growth, thickening of the bladder wall, and prostantomegaly.

32
Q

Dialysis

A

Process of removing waste products from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so. Two types: hemodialysis and peritoneal. Hemodialysis involves passing the blood through an artificial kidney for filtering out impurities. Peritoneal dialysis involves introducing fluid into the abdomen through a catheter. Dialysate fluid flows through the catheter and remains in the abdominal cavity for several hours. During that time, the fluid pulls body wastes from the blood into the abdominal cavity, then is removed from the abdomen via a catheter.