Diseases, Conditions, Procedures (GI) Flashcards
Ascites
Pathological buildup of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity as a result of liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure
Borborygmus
Gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestines
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice
[cirrh=yellow; -osis= abnormal condition; increase]
Diverticular disease
Formation of bulging pouches (diverticula) throughout the colon but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon (includes diverticulosis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulitis)
Dysentery
Inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites, and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps
[dys-= bad, painful, difficult; enter=intestine (usually small); -y=condition, process]
Fistula
Abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities, such as the rectum and the vagina (rectovaginal fistula), or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation]
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Back flow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) [gastr/o=stomach; esophag=esophagus; -eal=pertaining to]
Hematochezia
Passage of bright red, bloody stools (usually an indication that the colon is bleeding somewhere) commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoid a but may be a symptom of cancer
Hemorrhoid
Mass of enlarge, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum; aka “piles”
[hem/o=blood; -old=resembling]
Hernia
Protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
Strangulated hernia
Hernia whose blood supply has been cut off, leading to necrosis with gangrene of the hernial sac and its contents; a condition that is life-threatening and requires immediate surgery
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines
Crohn disease
Chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract (usually the ileum) and is distinguished from closely related bowel disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented; aka “regional colitis”
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood, and pain
[col=colon ; -itis=inflammation]
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon; aka “spastic colon”