Diseases Conditions Procedures (Musculoskeletal)

Question 1

Myasthenia Travis (MG)

Answer 1

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids

Question 2

Rotator cuff injury

Answer 2

Injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; aka “musculotendinous rotator cuff injury”

Question 3

Sprain

Answer 3

Trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward

Question 4

Strain

Answer 4

Trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

Question 5

Tendinitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; aka “tendonitis”

Question 6

Torticollis

Answer 6

Spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; aka “wryneck”

Question 7

Arthritis

Answer 7

Inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and, commonly, changes in structure
[arthr=joint; -itis=inflammation]

Question 8

Gouty

Answer 8

Arthritis caused by excessive uria acid in the body aka “gout”

Question 9

Osteoarthritis

Answer 9

Progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articulate cartilage
[oste/o=bone; arthr=joint; -itis=inflammation]

Question 10

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 10

Chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities and immobility

Question 11

Bunion

Answer 11

Deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (Angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

Question 12

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 12

Pain or numbness resulting from compression of the Deccan nerve writhing the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)

Question 13

Contracture

Answer 13

Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

Question 14

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 14

Malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long mines or the pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys

Question 15

Fracture (Fx)

Answer 15

Any break in a bone

Question 16

Ganglion cyst

Answer 16

Noncancerous, jelly-like fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands, but may also appear in the feet

Question 17

Herniated disk

Answer 17

Herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; aka “prolapsed disk”

Question 18

Osteomyelitis

Answer 18

Infection that encompasses all bone (osseous) components, including the bone marrow

Question 19

Osteoporosis

Answer 19

Decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of frackers
[oste/o=bone; -porosis=porous]

Question 20

Paget disease

Answer 20

Abnormal bone destruction and regrow to of either one or several bones at numerous sites that result in deformity; most commonly occurs in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs; aka “osteitis deformans”

Question 21

Rickets

Answer 21

Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; aka “rachitis”

Question 22

Sequestrum

Answer 22

Fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

Question 23

Talipes equinovarus

Answer 23

Congenital deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes; aka “clubfoot”

Question 24

Spinal curvatures

Answer 24

Abnormal deviation of the spine from its normal position that results in a misalignment or exaggeration in certain areas, as occurs in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis

Question 25

Kyphosis

Answer 25

Increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; aka “hunchback”
[kyph=humpback; -osis= abnormal condition]

Question 26

Lordosis

Answer 26

Forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture
[lord=curve, swayback; -osis=abnormal condition]

Question 27

Scoliosis

Answer 27

Abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or the right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis
[scoli=crooked, bent; -osis=abnormal condition]

Question 28

Spondylitis

Answer 28

Inflammation of one or more vertebrae

Question 29

Ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 29

Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; aka “rheumatoid spondylitis”
[spondyl=vertebra (backbone); -itis=inflammation]

Question 30

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 30

Partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; aka “spinal cord compression”
[spondyl/o = vertebra (backbone); -listhesis = slipping]

Question 31

Subluxation

Answer 31

Partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint; aka “partial dislocation”

Question 32

Arthrocentesis

Answer 32

Puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain
[arthr/o=joint; -centesis= surgical puncture]

Question 33

Arthroscopy

Answer 33

Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible, fiberoptic scope called and arthroscope, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures
[arthr/o=joint; -scopy=visual examination]

Question 34

Arthroplasty

Answer 34

Surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity
[arthr/o=joint; =plasty= surgical repair]

Question 35

Total hip arthroplasty

Answer 35

Replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone; aka “total hip replacement (THR)”

Question 36

Sequestrectomy

Answer 36

Excision of the Sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

[sequestr = separation; -ectomy= excision, removal]

Question 37

Muscular dystrophy (MD)

Answer 37

Group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)
[muscul=muscle; -ar= pertaining to; dys-=bad, painful, difficult; -trophy= development, nourishment]

Question 38

Bone Fractures

Answer 38

Fracture=break or crack in a bone, occur when bones are broken a s a result of an injury, accident, or disease process. Classified according to the way in which the bone breaks and whether or not the skin is pierced with a bony fragment. Treatment depends on the type, location, and related injuries. X-Rays help confirm and determine the severity.

• Pathological fracture: fracture that is caused by a disease process such as osteoporosis or bone cancer.
• Closed: bone is broken but no open wound is skin
• Open: bone breaks through skin
• Complicated: extensive soft tissue injury such as a broken rib piercing the lung above
• Comminuted: bone is crushed into several pieces
• Impacted: broken ends of a bone are forced into one another
• Incomplete: line of fracture does not include the whole bone
• Greenstick: bone is broken only on one side, commonly occurs most in children because growing bones are soft
• Colles fracture: distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand

Question 39

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Answer 39

Chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that primarily attacks peripheral joints and surrounding muscles, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. Spontaneous remissions and unpredictable exacerbations mark the course of this potentially crippling disease. RA is autoimmune disease which a reaction against one’s own joint tissues, especially synovial fluid, occurs. As it develops, there is congestion and edema of the synovial membrane and joint, causing formation of a thick layer of granulation tissue. Tissue invades cartilage, destroying the joint and bone. Eventually, fibrous immobility of joints (ankylosis) occurs, causing immobility and visible deformities. 3x more common in women than men. Usually required lifelong treatment, occasionally surgery. Prognosis worsens withe the development of nodules, vasculitis, and the presence of rheumatoid factor (substance detected in blood test of pt with RA). Treatments includes PT, heat applications, and drugs such as aspirin, NSAIDs, corticosteroids to reduce pain and inflammation. Other therapeutic drugs disease-modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as gold salts.