Chapter 6 Blood, Lymphatic, Immune System Flashcards
Autoimmune
Type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the smallest veins (venules) of the circulatory system
Hematopoiesis
Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow; also called “hemopoiesis”
[hemat/o=blood; -poiesis= formation, production]
Immune response
Defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues, and malignancies. Lymphatic and immune systems are closely involved-working together to protect the body against invasion of foreign organisms.
Immunodeficiency
Decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism
Interstitial fluid
Fluid between cells and in tissue spaces
Lymphocyte
Type of white blood cell (WBC) found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream, and lymph that functions in the body’s immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances (angtigens)
[lymph/o=lymph; -cyte=cell]
Monocytes
Large WBCs formed in the bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and destroy pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis
[mono-=one; -cyte=cell]
Oncology
Branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths (malignancies)
[onc/o=tumor; -logy= study of]
Pathogens
Any microorganism capable of production disease
[path/o=disease; -gen=forming, producing, origin]
Transfusion
Collection of blood or a blood component from a donor followed by its infusion into a recipient
Hematology
Study of the blood and blood-forming tissues and the diseases associated with these tissues
[hem/o=blood; -logy=study of]
Hematologists
Physicians who specialize in the study and treatment of blood and blood disorders; treat malignant (cancerous) and no malignant blood diseases.
Antigen
Substance that, when entering the body, prompts the generation of antibodies, causing an immune response (**anything that causes an immune response); may be harmless, such as grass pollen, or harmful, such as the flu virus.
[anti-=against; gen=forming, producing, origin]
Immunology
Study of the body’s protection from invading organisms and its response to them. Invaders include viruses, bacteria, Protozoa, and even larger parasites.
Pathogens
Disease-causing antigens. Immune system is designed to protect the body from pathogens.
Immune response
Body’s ability to fight disease and protect itself
Immunologist
Medical specialist who studies and treats the body’s defense mechanism against invasion of foreign substances that cause disease. Consulted when the immune system breaks down and the body loses its ability to recognize antigens or its ability to mount an attack against them.
Autoimmune
Diseases in which the immune system counteracts to the body and attacks itself
Immunodeficiency
Diseases such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); immune complex diseases, such as malaria and viral hepatitis; autoimmune diseases, such as lupus; transplanted cells and organs; allergies; and various cancer types related to the immune system
Blood (function of)
Transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products from the cells. Two main components: plasma and formed elements {RBC, WBC, Platelets}
Formed elements of blood
Erythrocytes: (RBC) deliver oxygen to the body tissues via the circulatory system.
Leukocytes: (WBC) provide a line of defense against pathogens
Platelets: (clotting cells) clotting ability that prevents excessive loss of blood.
Produced in the bone marrow by hematopoiesis
Lymphatic system
Lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and 3 organs: tonsils, thymus, and spleen. The lymph circulating through the lymphatic system comes from the blood. Contains WBC (leukocytes) responsible for immunity. (Monocytes and lymphocytes)
Interstitial fluid
Created when certain components of blood plasma filter through tiny capillaries into the spaces between cells called interstitial (or intercellular) spaces.
Lymph capillaries
Thin-walled vessels that absorb most interstitial fluid from the interstitial spaces.
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic tissue that interstitial fluid that has become lymph passes through. Nodes are located in clusters in areas such as the neck (cervical lymph nodes), under the arms (auxiliary lymph nodes), pelvis (iliac lymph nodes), and groin (inguinal lymph nodes). **Act as filters against foreign material.
