Diseases Conditions Procedures (Endocrine) Flashcards
Cushing syndrome
Cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol (glucocorticoid) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) circulating the blood; may be due to the use of oral corticosteroid medication or by tumors that produce cortisol or ACTH. Symptoms can include: thinning hair, buffalo hump, moon face, super clavicle fat pad, increased body and facial hair, slow wound healing, purple striae, pendulous abdomen, thin extremities, easy bruising.
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Group of metabolic diseases characterized by high glucose levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both and that occur in two primary forms: type 1 and type 2
Type 1 diabetes
Abrupt onset of DM, usually in childhood, caused by destruction of beta islet cells of the pancreas with complete deficiency of insulin secretions
Type 2 dilate tees
Gradual onset of DM, usually appearing in middle age and caused by a deficiency in production of insulin or a resistance to the action of insulin by the cells of the body
Insulinoma
Tumor of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
[insuilin=insulin; -oma =tumor]
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when pancreatic enzymes that digest food are activated in the pancreas instead of the duodenum and attack pancreatic tissue, causing damage to the gland; most commonly caused by alcoholism and biliary tract disease
[pancreat=pancreas; -itis=inflammation]
Panhypopituitarism
Total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and General loss of hormone activity
[pan-=all; hyp/o=under, below, deficient; pituitar= pituitary gland; -ism=condition]
Pheochromocytoma
Rare adrenal gland tumor that causes excessive release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure) and induces severe blood pressure elevation
Fasting blood glucose (FBG)
Test that measures glucose levels in the blood after the patient has fasted (not eaten) for at least 8 hours; used to diagnose pancreatic disorders, such as diabetes and hypoglycemia; aka “fasting blood sugar (FBS)”
Glucose tolerance test (GTT)
Test in which a patient fast for 8-12 hours and then ingests glucose, and blood samples are taken to determine how quickly the glucose is cleared from the blood; used to diagnose diabetes with hit her accuracy than other blood glucose tests; aka “oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)”
Radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU)
Imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine; used to determine thyroid function by monitoring the ability of the thyroid to take up (uptake) iodine form the blood.
Thyroid function test (TFT)
Blood test that measure thyroid hormone levels to detect an increase or decrease in thyroid function
Total calcium
Blood test that measures calcium to detect parathyroid and bone disorders
Lobectomy
Removal of one lobe in treatment of endocrine diseases such as hyperthyroidism
[lob=lobe; -ectomy= excision, removal]
Thymectomy
Excision of the thymus gland in cases of myasthenia gravies or a tumor
[thym=thymus gland; -ectomy = excision, removal]