Chapter 11 Nervous System

Question 1

Nerve impulse

Answer 1

Electrical signal transmitted along the nerve fiber in response to a stimulus

Question 2

Neurotransmitters

Answer 2

Chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells (neurons)

Question 3

Peripheral

Answer 3

Pertaining to the outside, surface, or surrounding area of an organ or structure or occurring away from its center

Question 4

Traumatic

Answer 4

Caused by or pertaining to an injury

Question 5

Vascular

Answer 5

Pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

[vascul=vascular; -ar=pertaining to]

Question 6

Neurology

Answer 6

Branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system which include the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Question 7

Nervous system

Answer 7

Controls voluntary (conscious) and involuntary (unconscious) movements as well as some organ and gland functioning. Controls all the processes of cognition (thinking, feeling, remembering). Controls all critical bod activities and reactions. Most complicated system of the body. Designed to act instantaneously by transmitting electrical impulses to specific body locations.

Question 8

Neurologist

Answer 8

Detects, diagnoses, and treats symptoms and disorders that indicate an impairment of any of the neurological functions. Disorders can include: vascular problems affecting the brain, infections/inflammations of brain or spinal cord tissue, nervous tissue tumors, degenerative neuromuscular disorders, traumatic brain or spinal cord injury.

Question 9

Neurosurgery

Answer 9

Branch of surgery involving the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

Question 10

Neurosurgeon

Answer 10

Physician who specializes in neurosurgery

Question 11

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 11

Consists of the brain and spinal cord and is the control center of the body.

Question 12

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 12

Consists of the peripheral nerves, which include the cranial nerves (emerging from the base of the skull) and the spinal nerves (Emerging from the spinal cord). PNS connects CNS to remote body parts to relay and receive messages, and its autonomic nerves regulate involuntary function of the internal organs.

Question 13

Neurons

Answer 13

Basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. Grouped into bundles of nerves or nerve tracts that carry electrical messages throughout the body. Functions such as perception of sensory stimuli, learning, memory, and control of muscles and glands.

Question 14

Neurotransmitters

Answer 14

Assist in transmitting messages between neurons

Question 15

Neuroglia

Answer 15

Do not carry messages, but perform the functions of support and protection. Glial cells form a supporting network by twining around nerve cells or lining certain structures in the brain and spinal cord. Others bind nervous tissue to supporting structures and attach the neurons to the blood vessels. Certain glial cells are phagocytic- protect the CNS from disease by engulfing invading microbes and clearing away debris. Clinical interest in neuroglia because they are commonly a source of tumors (gliomas) of the nervous system.

Question 16

Cognition

Answer 16

Process of thought- including reasoning, judgement, and perception