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Medical Terminology > Diseases, Conditions, Diagnostic Procedures (Integumentary) > Flashcards

Diseases, Conditions, Diagnostic Procedures (Integumentary) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collection of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically a staphylococcal infection)

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2
Q

Furuncle

A

Abscess that originates in a hair follicle; also called “boil”

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3
Q

Carbuncle

A

Cluster of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue

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4
Q

Acne

A

Inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of the skin, marked by come dos (blackheads), apples, and pustules (small skin lesion filled with purulent material)

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5
Q

Alopecia

A

Absence or loss of hair, especially of the head; aka “baldness”

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6
Q

Burn

A

Tissue injury caused by contact with a thermal, chemical, electrical, or radioactive agent

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7
Q

First-Degree Burn (Superficial)

A

Mild burn affecting the epidermis and characterized by redness and pain with no blistering or scar formation

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8
Q

Second-Degree Burn (Partial Thickness)

A

Burn affecting the epidermis and part of the dermis and characterized by redness, blistering or larger bullae, and pain with little or no scarring

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9
Q

Third-Degree Burn (Full Thickness)

A

Severe burn characterized by destruction of the epidermis and dermis with damage to the subcutaneous layer, leaving the skin charred black or dry white appearance with insensitivity to touch

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10
Q

Carcinoma

A

Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body; also called “malignant cells”

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11
Q

Melanoma

A

Malignant tumor that originates in melanocytes and is considered the most dangerous type of skin cancer, which, if not treated early, becomes difficult to cure and can be fatal

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12
Q

Comedo

A

Discolored, dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin; also called “blackhead”

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13
Q

Cyst

A

Closed sac or pouch in or under the skin with a definite wall that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material

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14
Q

Pilonidal

A

Growth of hair in a dermoid cyst or in a sinus opening on the skin

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15
Q

Sebaceous

A

Cyst filled with sebum (fatty material) from a sebaceous gland

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16
Q

Eczema

A

Redness of skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

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17
Q

Gangrene

A

Death of tissue, usually resulting from loss of blood supply

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18
Q

Hemorrhage

A

External or internal loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time.
[hem/o=blood; -rrhage=bursting forth (of)]

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19
Q

Contusion

A

Hemorrhage of any size under the skin in which the skin is not broken; aka “bruise”

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20
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; commonly called “bruise”

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21
Q

Petechia

A

Minute, pinpoint hemorrhagic spot of the skin that is a smaller version of an ecchymosis

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22
Q

Hematoma

A

Elevated, localized collection of blood trapped under the skin that usually results from trauma
[hemat=blood; -Oma=tumor]

23
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women; may be due to hyper secretion of testosterone.

24
Q

Ichthyosis

A

Genetic skin disorder in which the skin is dry and scaly, resembling fish skin because of a defect in keratinization
[ichthy/o=dry, scaly; -osis=abnormal condition]

25
Q

Impetigo

A

Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

26
Q

Keloid

A

Overgrowth of scar tissue at the site of a skin injury (especially a wound, surgical incision, or severe burn) caused by excessive collagen formation during the healing process

27
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered with silvery scales

28
Q

Scabies

A

Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite

29
Q

Skin lesions

A

Areas of pathologically altered tissue caused by disease, injury, or a wound resulting from external factors or internal disease

30
Q

Tinea

A

Fungal infection whose name commonly indicated the body part affected, such as tinea pedis (athlete’s foot); also called “ringworm”

31
Q

Ulcer

A

Lesion of the skin or mucous membranes marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissues

32
Q

Pressure ulcer

A

Skin ulceration caused by prolonged pressure, usually in a patient who is bedridden; aka “decubitus ulcer” “bedsore”

33
Q

Urticaria

A

Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by eruption of pale red elevated patches that are intensely itchy; aka “wheals or hives”

34
Q

Abrasion

A

Scraping or rubbing away of a surface, such as skin, by friction

35
Q

Verruca

A

Rounded epidermal growth caused by a virus; aka “wart”

36
Q

Vesicle

A

Small blister-like elevation on the skin containing a clear fluid; large vesicles are called “bullae”

37
Q

Vitiligo

A

Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches; aka “leukoderma”

38
Q

Wheal

A

Smooth, slightly elevated skin that is white in the center with a pale red periphery; aka “hives” if itchy

39
Q

Biopsy (bx)

A

Removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis, estimated prognosis, or follow the course of a disease.
[bi=life; -opsy=view of]

40
Q

Skin test

A

Any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient’s sensitivity to it

41
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Use of sub freezing temperature, commonly with liquid nitrogen, to destroy abnormal tissue cells, such as unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue
[cry/o=cold]

42
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of foreign material, damaged tissue, or cellular debris from a wound or burn to prevent infection and promote healing

43
Q

Fulguration

A

Tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electrical current; aka “electrodesiccation”

44
Q

Incision and Drainage (I&D)

A

Incision of a lesion, such as an abscess, followed by the drainage of its contents

45
Q

Mohs surgery

A

Surgical procedure used primarily to treat skin neoplasms in which tumor tissue fixed in place is removed layer by layer for microscopic examination until the entire tumor is removed

46
Q

Skin graft

A

Surgical procedure to transplant healthy tissue by applying it to an injured site

47
Q

Allograft

A

Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; aka “homograft”
[allo-=other, differing from normal; -graft=transplantation]

48
Q

Autograft

A

Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual
[auto-=self, own; -graft=transplantation]

49
Q

Synthetic graft

A

Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern

50
Q

Xenografts

A

Transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called “heterograft”
[sen/o=fo right, strange; -graft=transplantation]

51
Q

Skin resurfacing

A

Procedure that repairs damaged skin, acne scars, fine or deep wrinkles, or tattoos or improves skin tone irregularities through the use of topical chemicals, abrasion, or laser

52
Q

Chemical peel

A

Use of chemicals to remove outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratosis as well as for cosmetic purposes to remove fine wrinkles on the face; aka “chemabrasion”

53
Q

Cutaneous laser

A

Any of several laser treatments employed for cosmetic and plastic surgery
[cutane=skin; -ous=pertaining to]

54
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Removal of acne scars, nevi, tattoos, or fine wrinkles on the skin through the use of sandpaper, wire brushes, or other abrasive materials on the epidermal layer

Medical Terminology (91 decks)

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