d3.2 inheritance

Question 1

monohybrid influence

Answer 1

only one trait

Question 2

in the same pair of chromosomes (alleles)

Answer 2

diff version of the alleles

Question 3

2 alleles

Answer 3

determine what the characteristic should be

Question 4

single-nucleotide polymorphism

Answer 4

can cause different alleles in the gene pool

Question 5

single nucleotide polymorphism eg

Answer 5

blood type

Question 6

genotype

Answer 6

alleles responsible for the characteristics
eg. BB

Question 7

phenotype

Answer 7

characteristic expressed due to the alleles in the dna and the environment

Question 8

discrete variations

Answer 8

either this or that

Question 9

discrete variations eg

Answer 9

male or female

Question 10

dominant

Answer 10

• usually the dominant allele codes for a protein that is active and carries out a function
• always expressed in the offspring

Question 11

co-dominant

Answer 11

pair of alleles are both expressed

Question 12

homozygous

Answer 12

alleles for the characteristics are the same
eg. BB

Question 13

heterozygous

Answer 13

alleles for the characteristic are different
eg. Bb

Question 14

how to figure out genotype

Answer 14

cross with homozygous recessive organism
1:1 = heterozygous dominant
1:3 = 2 heterozygous

Question 15

recessive

Answer 15

• usually the recessive allele code for a non-functional protein
• may not be expressed in the offspring

Question 16

allele

Answer 16

different versions of genes that contain information for the same characteristics
eg. eye colour

Question 17

chromosome

Answer 17

made of dna and protein (histone) and contains genes

Question 18

genes

Answer 18

heritable factors that control specific characteristics

Question 19

gene locus

Answer 19

specific position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 20

homologous

Answer 20

same loci same gene

Question 21

how to say location of gene locus

Answer 21

chromosome number
p- short arm
q- long arm
number- bands away from the centromere

Question 22

autosomal recessive disorder

Answer 22

not on the chromosome that determines gender

Question 23

autosomal dominant disorder

Answer 23

achondroplastic dwarfism

Question 24

sex linked recessive eg

Answer 24

haemophilia
- x linked

Question 25

haemophilia

Answer 25

cant make clotting factor VIII so cant clot their blood properly

Question 26

pedigree chart

Answer 26

circle- females square- males no carriers- dominant

Question 27

phenylketonuria PKU

Answer 27

mis-sense mutation in the gene that produce styrosine hydrogenate- phenylalanine cant be converted to tyrosine = results in developmental problems and seizures

Question 28

recessive + autosomal eg

Answer 28

phenylketonuria PKU

Question 29

mis-sense nutation

Answer 29

base substitution where the change in a single base results in a different amino acid being produced in the amino acid

Question 30

single nucleotide polymorphism

Answer 30

variation at a single nucleotide in the genome could lead to different amino acids and multiple alleles in the gene pool eg. blood group

Question 31

gene pool

Answer 31

can look at the frequency of alleles represented in the reproductive population

Question 32

why blood groups are different

Answer 32

different antigens on the surface of the red blood cell

Question 33

why blood type needs to match

Answer 33

if detected as a foreign by immune system and attacks → group them tgt → form blood clot → die

Question 34

incomplete dominance eg

Answer 34

4 o'clock flower

Question 35

intermediate phenotype

Answer 35

expressing a mixture of the phenotypes of the parents

Question 36

phenotypic plasticity

Answer 36

traits developed can be influenced by the environment through different gene expressions

Question 37

polygenic inheritance

Answer 37

trait is affected by more than one gene

Question 38

polygenic inheritance eg

Answer 38

skin colour

Question 39

unlinked genes

Answer 39

genes that are not on the same chromosome

Question 40

independent assortment

Answer 40

alleles of two different genes are passed into gametes without influencing each other (as long as the genes are located on different chromosomes)

Question 41

gene linkage

Answer 41

linked genes are pairs or groups or gene which are inherited together, carried on the same chromosome

Question 42

when does independent assortment not occur

Answer 42

between linked genes