c4.2 transfer of energy and matter Flashcards
how many percent of energy is actually transferred
10%
how is energy lost [3]
respiration
movement
didnt consume entire organism
autotrophy
organisms which produce their own food from organic molecules
photoautotrophy
produce own food from organic molecules via photosynthesis
chemautotrophy
produce own food from organic molecules via chemosynthesis
heterotrophy
organisms which derive energy from other living organisms
consumers
ingest organic matter which is living or recently killed
decomposers
derive energy from non-living organic matter and faeces
detrivores
ingests non-living organic matter
saprotrophs
(decomposers)
heterotrophs that obtain their organic nutrients from dead organisms by external digestion
food chains
show the energy through the tropic levels of a feeding relationship
keystone organisms
if they are taken out of the food chain, the food chain will most likely collapse
pyramids of energy
show the flow of energy between trophic levels
unit for pyramids of energy
measured in the unit of energy per unit per unit time
primary production
when autotrophs accumulate carbon compounds, their biomass increase
secondary production
when heterotrophs accumulate carbon compounds as biomass
why does primary production have a higher biomass
because the heterotrophs rely on the autotrophs so they can only have less biomass than the autotrophs
net uptake of carbon dioxide
photosynthesis exceeds respiration and ecosystem acts as a carbon sink
net release of carbon dioxide
respiration exceeds photosynthesis and ecosystem acts as a carbon source
fossil fuels- when are they carbon sink/carbon flux
left alone- carbon sink
combustion through anthropogenic activities- carbon flux
carbon flux
transfer of carbon from one source to another
where is the most carbon stored
sea
how are fossil fuels formed
when organisms cant be decomposed because they are trapped in anaerobic environment
saprotrophs role in carbon cycle
digest dead organic matter and release the carbon from it as carbon dioxide due to respiration
nitrogen cycle
all chemical nutrients are recycled by decomposers
