c1.1- enzymes and metabolism Flashcards
metabolic reactions
chemical reactions that keep living organisms alive
anabolic reactions
reactions that build things up
anabolic reaction eg [2]
- condensation
- combining monomers into polymers
catabolic reactions
reactions that break things down
catabolic reactions eg [2]
- hydrolysis
- digesting polymers into monomers
fibrous protein interaction w water
insoluble in water
function of fibrous proteins
structural: support and strength
- extra cellular matrix inside: collagen (strengthening tissues)
fibrous proteins eg [2]
- keratin
- elastin
globular proteins interaction w water
soluble in water (mostly)
globular proteins function
functional (enzymes, antibodies, transport)
globular proteins eg [5]
- amylase
- insulin
- haemoglobin
- immunoglobulins
- Na+/K+ pump
proteome
complete set of proteins expressed by an organism
genome
entire set of dna instructions found in a cell
substrate
reactant in a biochemical reaction that binds to the enzyme’s active site
enzyme
globular protein which acts as a biological catalyst that speeds up metabolic reaction by lowering the activation energy
catalyst
speeds up chemical reactions and will not be used up
active site
region on the surface of an enzyme which substrates bind and catalyses the reaction
active site function + why
- attract substrate because polar/non polar region
- depends on composition of r group
shape of active site and substrate
complementary + specific
when substrate is locked into the active site
reaction is catalysed then products are released and enzyme is used again
induced fit model
- substrate inducing a conformational change in the active site
- after: enzyme reverts to original shape
induced fit model pros
stressed the substrate (weaken the bonds) so reduces the activation energy of the reaction
how to increase the amount of enzyme-substrate complex [4]
- increase temp
- increase kinetic energy
- increase conc of substrate
- increase conc of enzyme
result of factors being increased [2]
- increased chance of successful collision
- increased rate of reaction